家蝇的抗性选育及溴氰菊酯抗性品系适合度的相关研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 23:09

本文选题：家蝇 + 抗药性　；参考：《首都师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 家蝇(Musca domestic)是世界性分布的重要的公共卫生害虫。随着杀虫剂的研发和广泛使用,越来越多的昆虫对杀虫剂产生了抗药性。而家蝇一直是我国病媒生物控制的重点,但是许多地区的家蝇已对不同的杀虫剂产生了一定程度的抗性,这给卫生防疫工作带来很大不便,成为人们越来越关注的问题。及时、准确的确定家蝇抗药性的产生、发展和抗性水平对合理制定防治策略至关重要,同样也是杀虫剂毒性机理的研究基础。本文以家蝇为实验对象,首先对家蝇进行了拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗性培育,而且还对其抗性现实遗传力进行了研究;并且初步研究了家蝇对于溴氰菊酯抗性品系的抗性遗传方式、抗性以及正反杂交品系相对适合度。 1.家蝇的抗性选育及其相应的现实遗传力对实验室抗溴氰菊酯BJD抗性品系经过9代抗性筛选,与敏感品系CDC品系比较,抗性由原有的2203倍上升到7241倍,现实遗传力较低(h~2=0.007)。抗溴氰菊酯品系ISO经过8代抗性筛选,与敏感品系比较,抗性由原有的1043倍上升到3421倍,现实遗传力较低(h~2=0.012)。TZ-D品系来源于TZ品系,其对溴氰菊酯的致死中量是1.60ng/头,与实验室敏感品系CDC比较,其抗性倍数为8倍,属于低抗水平。经过15代的抗性筛选,抗性倍数由8倍上升到138倍。TZ-D品系对溴氰菊酯的抗性遗传力为较低(h~2=0.016)。经过15代的抗性筛选,TZ-2Cl对二氯苯醚菊酯的致死中量由1.91ng/头上升到270ng/头,抗性倍数从5倍增长至730倍,达到极高抗性水平。TZ-2Cl品系对二氯苯醚菊酯的抗性遗传力较高(为h~2=0.040)。 2.溴氰菊酯抗性家蝇品系得抗性遗传方式及相对适合度研究将家蝇CDC敏感品系和抗溴氰菊酯品系BJD进行正反交,分析家蝇对溴氰菊酯的抗性遗传方式。结果表明家蝇对溴氰菊酯的抗性为常染色体遗传,正反后代的显性度D值分别为0.574、0.536,抗性呈完全显性遗传。比较家蝇抗溴氰菊酯品系、敏感品系及两者杂交品系的生长发育和繁殖特征的结果表明:抗性品系孵化率、化蛹率、羽化率降低,蛹重减轻,雌虫所占比例明显下降,成虫产卵量减少,即抗性品系在繁殖和生长发育上存在明显的生存劣势,抗性适合度为0.36。而正反杂交品系的各种适合度指标均处于敏感与抗性之间,正、反杂交品系的适合度分别为0.49、0.82。
[Abstract]:Musca domestic is an important public health pest in the world. With the development and wide use of insecticides, more and more insects develop resistance to insecticides. Musca domestica has always been the focus of vector biological control in China, but in many areas, housefly has a certain degree of resistance to different insecticides, which brings great inconvenience to the health and epidemic prevention work, and has become a more and more concerned problem. Timely and accurate determination of resistance to insecticides in housefly, development and resistance level is very important for the rational formulation of control strategy, and is also the basis of insecticide toxicity mechanism. In this paper, the resistance of housefly to pyrethroid insecticides was first cultivated, and the heritability of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides was also studied. The genetic pattern of resistance to deltamethrin resistance of housefly and the relative fitness of positive and negative hybrids were also studied. 1. The resistance breeding of housefly and its realistic heritability to laboratory resistance to deltamethrin BJD were screened for 9 generations, and the resistance increased from 2203 times to 7241 times compared with that of sensitive strain. The realistic heritability was lower (H20.007). The resistant strain of deltamethrin was screened for 8 generations. Compared with the sensitive strain, the resistance increased from 1043 times to 3421 times, and the realistic heritability was lower (HG20.012) .TZ-D strain originated from TZ strain. The median lethal dose to deltamethrin was 1.60ng/ head. Compared with the laboratory sensitive strain CDC, its resistance ratio is 8 times, which belongs to low resistance level. After 15 generations of resistance screening, the heritability of resistance to deltamethrin of the strain increased from 8 times to 138 times. The heritability of resistance to deltamethrin was lower than that of TZ-D strain (HY20.016). After 15 generations of resistance screening, the median lethal dose of TZ-2Cl to permethrin increased from the head of 1.91ng/ to the head of 270ng/, and the resistance ratio increased from 5 times to 730 times. The heritability of resistance to permethrin was higher in the strain. Genetic pattern and relative fitness of resistance to deltamethrin resistance of housefly strain BJD and CDC sensitive strain of Musca domestica were crossbred to analyze the genetic pattern of resistance to deltamethrin. The results showed that the resistance of housefly to deltamethrin was autosomal inheritance, and the dominance D value of positive and negative progenies was 0.574 ~ 0.536, respectively. The resistance to deltamethrin was completely dominant inheritance. The results showed that the hatching rate, pupation rate, emergence rate, weight of pupa decreased, and the proportion of female worm decreased obviously, compared with the growth, development and reproduction characteristics of the resistant lines, sensitive lines and hybrid lines of housefly, which were resistant to deltamethrin, and the results showed that the hatching rate, pupation rate and emergence rate of resistant lines were decreased, and the weight of pupae decreased. The number of spawning decreased, that is, the resistant strain had obvious survival disadvantage in reproduction and growth and development, and the resistance fitness was 0.36. The fitness indexes of positive and negative hybrids were between sensitivity and resistance, and the fitness of positive and negative hybrids were 0.49 and 0.82respectively.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R184

【引证文献】