贵州省平坝县伤寒副伤寒流行特征及危险因素研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 00:20

本文选题：伤寒 + 副伤寒　；参考：《现代预防医学》2014年03期

【摘要】：目的探讨平坝县伤寒、副伤寒流行特征及发病危险因素,为采取针对性干预措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析平坝县2005-2008年伤寒副伤寒疫情特征,对暴发或聚集性病例采取现场回顾性病例对照调查,对村(居)民个人习惯和环境相关因素采用现况调查。结果平坝县伤寒副伤寒全年均有病例报告,6-10月为发病高峰;发病以青壮年为主,学生和农民居多;甲型副伤寒沙门菌为流行优势菌型。暴发主要危险因素为饮用水被污染;病前2周喝生水(OR=6.42,χ2=11.28,P0.01)聚集性甲型副伤寒病例的危险因素与每周喝水大于15次以上有统计学联系(OR=10.55,χ2=4.71,P0.05);饭前偶尔或不洗手(OR=2.81,χ2=3.92,P0.05)为散发病例的危险因素。现况调查农村饮用水存在安全隐患,蓄水池无消毒设施,改厕率低(9.11%),多数厕所粪便未无害化处理;城区餐饮店食品卫生合格率偏低,人群伤寒副伤寒防治知识知晓率为22.61%,66.56%喝生水。结论平坝县伤寒副伤寒传染源广泛存在,应严格管理传染源,加强饮用水和食品卫生管理,针对个人卫生习惯和就医行为开展健康教育,才能有效控制伤寒副伤寒的流行或暴发。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in Pingba County. Methods descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics of typhoid paratyphoid in Pingba County from 2005 to 2008. A retrospective case-control survey was carried out on the outbreak or aggregation of cases. Results the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Pingba County was the highest in June-October. The incidence was mainly in young adults, students and farmers were the majority, and Salmonella paratyphoid A was the predominant type. The main risk factors of the outbreak were drinking raw water 2 weeks before the disease (OR6.42, 蠂 ~ 211.28 / P0.01), and the risk factors of concentrated paratyphoid A cases were significantly correlated with drinking water more than 15 times a week (OR10.55, 蠂 ~ 2 + 4.71% P 0.05), and occasionally or not washing your hands before meals (OR 2.81, 蠂 ~ (2.92) P 0.05) were the risk factors of sporadic cases of paratyphoid A (P < 0.05). The present situation investigated the hidden dangers of drinking water in rural areas. There were no disinfection facilities in the cisterns, the rate of changing toilets was low (9.11%), the feces of most latrines were not treated harmlessly, and the qualified rate of food hygiene in restaurants in urban areas was low. The rate of knowledge about typhoid and paratyphoid control was 22.61% and 66.56%. Conclusion the infectious source of typhoid and paratyphoid fever is widespread in Pingba County. It is necessary to strictly manage the source of infection, strengthen the management of drinking water and food hygiene, and carry out health education in accordance with the habits of personal hygiene and the behavior of seeking medical treatment. In order to effectively control the epidemic or outbreak of typhoid paratyphoid fever.
【作者单位】：贵州省疾病预防控制中心;贵州省平坝县疾病预防控制中心;中国疾病预防控制中心疾病控制与应急处理办公室;安顺市疾病预防控制中心;
【基金】：科技部公益性行业科研专项(200802025) 贵州省“十一五”社会发展科技项目(黔科合S字【2007】1037)
【分类号】：R181.3;R516.3

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