宜昌市城区1~3岁儿童十年间免疫规划“五苗”接种率调查分析

发布时间：2018-07-12 19:34

本文选题：接种率 + 免疫规划　；参考：《中国儿童保健杂志》2014年07期

【摘要】：目的了解宜昌市城区2003-2012年免疫规划疫苗接种情况变化趋势,为指导今后的常规免疫工作提供科学依据。方法按容量比例概率抽样法,每年在城区范围内以区为单位,随机抽取30个村居和30个集贸市场,每个村居抽查12~24月龄和24~36月龄的儿童各5人,每个集贸市场抽查1~3周岁儿童5人。调查其免疫规划"五苗"(乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、脊灰疫苗、百白破疫苗、麻疹类疫苗)基础免疫及加强免疫接种情况。结果十年间1~3岁儿童建证率、各疫苗调查接种率呈逐年上升趋势;不同年份出生的儿童卡介苗调查接种率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.994,P0.05),乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率、"五苗"全程合格接种率、乙肝疫苗、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗、百白破联合疫苗、麻疹疫苗调查接种率等差异均有高度统计学意义(P0.01);常住儿童和流动儿童"五苗"全程合格接种率、各单苗调查接种率差异均有高度统计学意义(P0.01)。结论扩大国家免疫规划实施后,宜昌市1~3岁儿童免疫规划疫苗接种率维持在较高水平,常住儿童中已建立起较为牢固的免疫规划疫苗相关疾病的免疫屏障,但仍需继续加强流动儿童的免疫预防服务工作。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the trend of immunization planning vaccination in Yichang city from 2003 to 2012, and to provide scientific basis for guiding routine immunization work in the future. Methods according to the capacity proportional probability sampling, 30 villages and 30 market markets were randomly selected in the urban area each year. The children aged 12 to 24 months and 24 to 36 months old were randomly selected from each village, and 5 children from each village were randomly selected for 12 to 24 months of age and 24 to 36 months old respectively. Each market spot check 1 or 3-year-old children 5 people. To investigate the basic and enhanced immunization of five vaccines (hepatitis B vaccine, BCG vaccine, poliomyelitis vaccine, DPT vaccine, measles vaccine). Results in the past ten years, the prevalence rate of children aged 1 to 3 years old was increased year by year, and the vaccination rate of each vaccine survey was increasing year by year. There were significant differences in the rate of BCG vaccination among children born in different years (蠂 2 + 18.994% P 0.05). The rate of first vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine in time, the rate of qualified vaccination of "five vaccines", the rate of hepatitis B vaccine, live attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine, and the combined vaccine of diphtheria tetanus were significantly different. There were statistically significant differences in measles vaccine coverage rate (P0.01), five vaccinations in resident children and floating children in the whole process, and the difference in coverage rate of each single vaccine was statistically significant (P0.01). Conclusion after the implementation of the expanded National Immunization Program, the immunization coverage rate of children aged 1 to 3 years old in Yichang City has been maintained at a high level, and a relatively solid immunization barrier for vaccine-related diseases has been established among children living in Yichang. However, it is still necessary to continue to strengthen immunization prevention services for migrant children.
【作者单位】：宜昌市疾病预防控制中心;三峡大学公共卫生研究中心;
【基金】：中央扩大国家免疫规划项目(HZTD-ZFCG-2013-022)
【分类号】：R186

【参考文献】