青岛市黄岛区2006-2008年医院伤害监测流行病学特征分析

发布时间：2018-07-14 14:38

【摘要】： 研究背景伤害严重威胁着人类的健康与生命,是一个重要的公共卫生问题,也是世界各国的主要死亡原因之一。伤害不仅给家庭和社会带来巨大经济负担,而且直接影响到人均期望寿命和社会发展速度。我国居民伤害问题的严重性已经引起有关政府部门及专业人士的重视。通过对黄岛区医院伤害病例流行病学特征进行描述性分析研究,探讨预防与控制伤害发生的策略。研究目的对青岛市黄岛区2006-2008年医院伤害监测资料进行统计分析,了解黄岛区伤害发生的流行病学分布特征,识别影响伤害发生的有关因素,为开展伤害预防、控制、干预工作提供科学依据。研究方法在全区各级医疗单位建立伤害监测报告系统,采用中国疾病预防控制中心统一制定的《全国伤害监测报告卡》,对前来就诊的首诊伤害病例进行登记。通过对3年伤害监测资料进行描述性研究分析,了解黄岛区伤害发生的流行病学特征。结果三年累计收集伤害卡片23085张。伤害监测病例中男性多于女性,男女性别比为3.70：1；从年龄上看,20～44岁年龄组最高,占伤害发生总数的69.02%,是伤害发生的高危人群,0-19岁人群以跌倒／跌落和动物伤为主,65岁以上人群伤害的主要原因是跌倒／跌落；伤害发生职业构成以生产运输设备操作人员及有关人员为主,占23.81%；伤害发生地点居首位的是工业和建筑场所,其次是公路街道、家中；受伤原因顺位居前5位的分别为钝器伤(26.28%)、跌倒／坠落(22.12%)、刀／锐器伤(20.75%)、交通伤(16.82%)和动物伤(2.30%)；伤害发生的时间存在一定的集中分布,一年中伤害发生的月份分布集中在7-10月,占总报告病例数的51.45%。从伤害发生的日分布图可以看出,伤害多发生在9-11点、15-17点两个时间段；在伤害的严重程度上,监测病例以轻微的浅表伤和中等程度的伤害为主,占所有监测病例数的97.82%；从伤害的意图来看,绝大多数伤害均以非故意伤害为主(88.84%)；在伤害结局中,因伤害致死病例主要发生在20-24岁(16.67%)、25～44岁(62.50%)两个年龄组。结论伤害严重危害黄岛区居民身体健康和生命安全,伤害的发生带来劳动力和其它潜在损失,应该引起重视。应根据实际情况,采取各项干预措施改变伤害的影响因素,通过宣传教育、健康促进、消除环境危险因素等策略控制伤害的发生,开展伤害的预防、控制与干预工作。
[Abstract]:Research background
Injury is a serious threat to human health and life. It is an important public health problem and one of the main causes of death in all countries of the world. Injury not only brings great economic burden to family and society, but also directly affects the life expectancy and the speed of social development. The attention of government departments and professionals. Through descriptive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hospital injury cases in Huangdao District, the strategies for preventing and controlling injury are discussed.
research objective
The data of 2006-2008 years' hospital injury monitoring in Huangdao District, Qingdao, were statistically analyzed to understand the epidemiological distribution characteristics of the injury in Huangdao District, to identify the related factors affecting the occurrence of injury, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention, control and intervention of injury.
research method
The injury monitoring report system was established at all levels of medical units at all levels, and the national injury monitoring report card, which was formulated by the China Center for Disease Control and prevention, was adopted to register the first diagnosis of the injury cases. The epidemiological characteristics of the injury in Huangdao district were analyzed by descriptive analysis of the 3 year injury monitoring data.
Result
Three years of cumulative injury cards were collected in 23085 cases. Male and female were more than women in injury monitoring cases, and the sex ratio of men and women was 3.70:1. From age, the 20~44 year old age group was the highest, accounting for 69.02% of the total injury occurrence. It was the high-risk group of injury, and the majority of the 0-19 year old people were mainly of fall / fall and animal injury, and the main injury of people over 65 years old. Due to fall / fall, the occupational composition of injury occurred mainly in the production of transportation equipment operators and related personnel, accounting for 23.81%; the first place of injury occurred in industrial and construction sites, followed by road streets and home; the first 5 injuries were blunt injury (26.28%), fall / fall (22.12%), knife / sharp injury ( 20.75%), traffic injury (16.82%) and animal injury (2.30%); the time of injury occurred in a certain concentration distribution, the month distribution of injury occurred in 7-10 months. The 51.45%. of the total number of reported cases from the daily distribution of injury occurred at 9-11 points, 15-17 points, two time periods, and the severity of the injury. The monitoring cases were mainly mild superficial injury and moderate injury, accounting for 97.82% of all cases of monitoring. From the point of view of injury, most of the injuries were mainly unintentional injury (88.84%). In the end of the injury, the fatal cases were mainly at 20-24 years (16.67%), 25~44 years (62.50%) two age groups.
conclusion
The injury seriously endangers the health and life safety of the residents in Huangdao District, and the occurrence of injury brings labor and other potential losses. It should be paid attention to. According to the actual situation, various intervention measures should be taken to change the influencing factors of injury and control the occurrence of injury through propaganda and education, health promotion, elimination of environmental risk factors and so on. The prevention, control and intervention of injury.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R181.3

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