应用污水流行病学方法调查城市烟草消费研究
发布时间：2018-07-29 20:29
【摘要】：我国是最大的烟草生产国和烟草消费国,中国拥有3亿多的吸烟者,吸烟人数大约占到了全球吸烟人数的三分之一。烟草不仅对人体的健康有很大的危害,同时吸烟也会增加国家的公共健康经济负担,因此,烟草消费量数据对于控烟政策制定具有十分重要的意义。主要以问卷调查形式调查烟草消费量的传统方法存在费时费力等诸多弊端,本研究提出了基于污水流行病学方法调查烟草消费数量的方法。把大连市作为本次研究的对象,采用污水流行病学的研究方法调查了大连市的烟草消费量。选取了广泛分布在大连市11个污水处理厂,服务总人口数超过220万,连续采集2天的进水样品。经过过滤、固相微萃取净化和浓缩,液相色谱串联质谱法对污水样品进行分析,得到相应的尼古丁、尼古丁的主要代谢产物可替宁以及羟基可替宁的浓度。污水中可替宁和反式-可替宁浓度分别为2.33±0.30μg/L到2.76±0.91μg/L。通过反推计算大连地区消费的尼古丁数据,得出在采样期间人均消费尼古丁的量在0.25～4.22mg/d之间波动,平均消费量为1.92mg/d。蒙特卡洛分析不确定性的结果表明,大连烟民烟草消费量每人每天吸烟数量在10支和27支之间,吸烟者的烟草消耗量均值是14.6支/天/人。通过比较污水分析中获得的数据与流行病学研究调查的香烟的数量,二者显示出良好的一致性,由此证明了污水流行病学方法研究地区烟草消费量的可行性。除此之外,污水流行病学客观、高效的特点也可以用来补充现有的社会流行病学调查方法。
[Abstract]:China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco, with more than 300 million smokers, accounting for about 1/3 of the world's smoking population. Tobacco not only does great harm to human health, but also increases the national public health economic burden. Therefore, the data of tobacco consumption is of great significance for the formulation of tobacco control policy. The traditional method of investigating tobacco consumption by questionnaire has many disadvantages, such as time-consuming and laborious. In this study, a method of tobacco consumption investigation based on sewage epidemiology was proposed. The tobacco consumption in Dalian was investigated by using the method of sewage epidemiology. The influent samples were collected from 11 wastewater treatment plants in Dalian with a total service population of more than 2.2 million for 2 days. After filtration, solid phase microextraction, purification and concentration, the concentration of nicotine, the main metabolite of nicotine and hydroxy cotinine were obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The concentrations of cotinine and trans-cotinine in sewage were 2.33 卤0.30 渭 g / L to 2.76 卤0.91 渭 g / L, respectively. The average consumption of nicotine per capita fluctuates between 0.25~4.22mg/d and the average consumption is 1.92 mg / d by backstepping the nicotine consumption data of Dalian area. The results of Monte Carlo analysis showed that the tobacco consumption of Dalian smokers was between 10 and 27 cigarettes per day, and the average tobacco consumption of smokers was 14.6 per person per day. By comparing the data obtained from sewage analysis and the number of cigarettes investigated by epidemiological studies, the two showed good consistency, which proved the feasibility of the study of tobacco consumption in the region by the method of sewage epidemiology. In addition, the objective and efficient characteristics of sewage epidemiology can be used to supplement the existing methods of social epidemiological investigation.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F721;R181.2;X703
本文编号：2153922
[Abstract]:China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco, with more than 300 million smokers, accounting for about 1/3 of the world's smoking population. Tobacco not only does great harm to human health, but also increases the national public health economic burden. Therefore, the data of tobacco consumption is of great significance for the formulation of tobacco control policy. The traditional method of investigating tobacco consumption by questionnaire has many disadvantages, such as time-consuming and laborious. In this study, a method of tobacco consumption investigation based on sewage epidemiology was proposed. The tobacco consumption in Dalian was investigated by using the method of sewage epidemiology. The influent samples were collected from 11 wastewater treatment plants in Dalian with a total service population of more than 2.2 million for 2 days. After filtration, solid phase microextraction, purification and concentration, the concentration of nicotine, the main metabolite of nicotine and hydroxy cotinine were obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The concentrations of cotinine and trans-cotinine in sewage were 2.33 卤0.30 渭 g / L to 2.76 卤0.91 渭 g / L, respectively. The average consumption of nicotine per capita fluctuates between 0.25~4.22mg/d and the average consumption is 1.92 mg / d by backstepping the nicotine consumption data of Dalian area. The results of Monte Carlo analysis showed that the tobacco consumption of Dalian smokers was between 10 and 27 cigarettes per day, and the average tobacco consumption of smokers was 14.6 per person per day. By comparing the data obtained from sewage analysis and the number of cigarettes investigated by epidemiological studies, the two showed good consistency, which proved the feasibility of the study of tobacco consumption in the region by the method of sewage epidemiology. In addition, the objective and efficient characteristics of sewage epidemiology can be used to supplement the existing methods of social epidemiological investigation.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F721;R181.2;X703
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