中学生流感疫苗接种2年后免疫效果评价

发布时间：2018-08-12 20:56

【摘要】：目的了解流感疫苗接种2 a后对中学生的保护作用,为探讨流感疫苗对青少年的长期保护作用提供参考。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法,整群分层抽取上海市长宁区4所中学1 048名学生进行问卷调查,根据流感疫苗的接种情况,将观察对象分为接种组和对照组。结果不同年级、不同性别群体接种组和对照组中学生流感样病例发病密度差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05),对照组女生发病密度高于男生(χ2=6.43,P=0.01);初高中学生中,均表现为低年级组(六、七年级和高一、高二)发病密度高于高年级组(八、九年级和高三)(χ2=13.62,P0.01);疫苗保护率在接种后0.5 a最高(58.30%),随后逐渐下降,在接种后第二个流感流行周期中疫苗不再有保护作用。结论流感疫苗在接种后第一个流感流行周期内保护效果好,但免疫力不持久,需每年定期接种。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the protective effect of influenza vaccine on middle school students after 2 years of vaccination, and to provide reference for exploring the long term protective effect of influenza vaccine on adolescents. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. 1048 students from 4 middle schools in Changning District of Shanghai were investigated by cluster stratification. According to the vaccination status of influenza vaccine, the subjects were divided into two groups: inoculation group and control group. Results there was no significant difference in the incidence density of influenza-like cases among middle school students in different sex groups and control groups (P < 0.05). The incidence density of female students in control group was higher than that of male students (蠂 2 6.43 P 0.01), and that of middle and high school students was lower grade group (6). The incidence density was higher in the seventh grade, the first year and the second year than that in the senior grade group (eighth, ninth and third grade) (蠂 2 + 13.62%, P0.01), the protective rate of vaccine was the highest (58.30%) at 0.5 a after inoculation, and then decreased gradually, and the vaccine had no protective effect in the second influenza epidemic cycle after inoculation. Conclusion Influenza vaccine has a good protective effect in the first influenza epidemic period after inoculation, but immunity is not durable, so it should be inoculated regularly every year.
【作者单位】：上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心;
【分类号】：R186

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