绍兴市区蝇类分布、消长和抗药性及其与肠道传染病的关系

发布时间：2018-08-28 08:57

【摘要】： 背景苍蝇可携带多种病原体，传播多种疾病，据统计，蝇类能够传播霍乱、伤寒、痢疾和结核等数十种严重疾病。有的蝇类幼虫还能够直接进入人畜体内的各个部位，引起这些部位的蝇蛆症，对人的危害极大。蝇类密度及灭蝇情况直接反映一个地区的文明卫生程度，所以各地在广泛开展爱国卫生运动时，使用了大量的杀虫剂；然而这样的做法导致各地蝇类对常用杀虫剂的抗性成倍增加，逐年上升。因此，查明情况，采取对策，降低蝇类抗性，减少化学杀虫剂对环境的污染已成为当务之急。绍兴市区位于浙北平原，常年气候温和湿润，人口密集，餐饮业发达，自然、人文、地理条件均十分适宜蝇类的栖息、繁殖。随着城市建设的发展、人们生活方式、行为习惯的改变、创建国家卫生城市所采取的强有力的灭蝇措施，加之近年气候变暖等因素，使得适合蝇类孳生繁殖的孳生物种类和孳生环境较之过去有了很大变化，在一定程度上导致了城镇蝇类种群、分布和季节消长规律的变化。目前很少有针对绍兴地区蝇类进行系统的研究。为此，本研究通过对绍兴市区2003～2004年蝇类的调查，掌握绍兴市区蝇类的种群分布、季节消长、家蝇抗药性及蝇类密度与肠道传染病的关系，从而为蝇类的控制和肠道传染病的防控提供科学依据。材料与方法在绍兴市区新老城区各设一个调查点，每个调查点分垃圾中转站、居民区、农贸市场、餐饮业、绿化带5种生境共11个监测点。采用笼诱法，按旬进行蝇类的监测，对捕获的蝇类进行蝇种鉴定。家蝇抗药性测定采用微量点滴法，对敌敌畏等6种化学杀虫剂进行抗性测定。肠道传染病的疫情资料来自越城区疾病预防控制中心传染病疫情统计报表。采用圆形分布法对蝇类季节性消长进行分析，对蝇类密度与气温、肠道传染病发病采用线性回归分析，家蝇抗药性LD_(50)采用加权直线回归法计算分析。资料的整理以及所有的统计分析过程均在Excel 2003和SPSS13.0中完成。结果一、绍兴市区蝇类种群分布、季节消长绍兴市区蝇类，经分类鉴定为5科10属16种，其中大头金蝇、家蝇、丝光绿蝇为优势种，巨尾阿丽蝇、亮绿蝇、棕尾别麻蝇、市蝇、铜绿蝇、厩腐蝇为常见种，其余均为稀有种。不同年份、不同调查点蝇种数量构成顺位、密度不同。蝇种密度新城区调查点明显高于老城区调查点；2004年年平均密度高于2003年。不同生境蝇类构成与密度不同。蝇类孳生、活动、栖息场所的两年平均密度以绿化带最高，为320.38只/(笼·日)；其次是农贸市场，为187.91只/(笼·日)；垃圾中转站、居民区的平均密度基本接近，，分别为127.58只/(笼·日)、127.44只/(笼·日)；餐饮业蝇类平均密度最低，为116.14只/(笼·日)。各类场所均以大头金蝇的密度为最高。蝇类季节消长有明显的季节性特征。绍兴市区2003～2004年蝇类平均密度高峰日为8月4日，高峰时段为6月8日至9月30日。其中2003年蝇类密度高峰日为8月11日，高峰时段为6月17日至10月5日；2004年蝇类密度高峰日为了月29日，高峰时段为6月1日至9月26日。二、环境温度对蝇类季节消长的影响本研究通过对月平均气温与蝇类月平均密度的回归分析，表明气温与蝇类密度呈正相关关系，当气温上升时，蝇类密度随之增加。三、蝇类密度与肠道传染病的关系蝇类密度是影响肠道传染病发病的一个重要因素。本研究通过对绍兴市区两年来的蝇类密度消长与乙类肠道传染病发病率二者相关关系的分析，表明2003和2004年蝇类密度与肠道传染病发病率的相关系数r分别为0.846和0.612，提示蝇类密度是肠道传染病发病的一个重要影响因素。四、家蝇的抗药性绍兴市区家蝇对溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氯菊酯、胺菊酯、敌敌畏、奋斗呐(顺式氯氰菊酯)6种杀虫剂均产生了不同程度的抗性。敌敌畏、溴氰菊酯已达到最高抗性水平，氯菊酯处于高抗水平，胺菊酯处在低抗水平。测定结果与浙江省疾病预防控制中心1981～1983年检测数据相比，绍兴市区家蝇对溴氰菊酯的抗性增长最快，23年间增长了50倍；其次为对顺式氯氰菊酯的抗性，增长了32倍；对敌敌畏、氯菊酯的抗性均增长了10倍以上。结论通过本次研究可以得出以下结论：绍兴市区蝇类种群分布与其他地区不尽相同；不同月份、不同生境，蝇类的种群构成、密度不同；蝇类季节消长呈明显的季节性特征；环境气温与蝇类密度呈正相关关系，蝇类密度在一定范围内随气温的上升而增高；蝇类密度是肠道传染病发病的重要影响因素，蝇类密度升高，肠道传染病发病增加；绍兴市区家蝇对敌敌畏、溴氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯已产生很高抗性，但对敌敌畏、氯菊酯的抗性发展相对缓慢，实施综合治理，合理用药，可抑制和延缓抗性发展。
[Abstract]:background
Flies can carry many pathogens and spread many diseases. According to statistics, flies can spread dozens of serious diseases, such as cholera, typhoid fever, diarrhea and tuberculosis. Some fly larvae can also directly enter various parts of the body of humans and animals, causing maggots in these parts of the great harm to humans. The degree of civilization and hygiene in the region has led to the extensive use of a large number of insecticides in Patriotic Health campaigns. However, this practice has led to a doubling of flies'resistance to commonly used insecticides, increasing year by year. A pressing matter of the moment.
Shaoxing city is located in the plain of northern Zhejiang province. The climate is mild and humid all the year round, the population is dense, the catering industry is developed, and the natural, humanistic and geographical conditions are very suitable for the habitat and breeding of flies. Warming and other factors make the species and environment suitable for fly breeding have changed a lot compared with the past. To a certain extent, the distribution and seasonal fluctuation of fly population in cities and towns have changed. Investigation of flies in 2004 revealed the distribution of flies, seasonal fluctuation, resistance of housefly to insecticides and the relationship between flies density and intestinal infectious diseases in Shaoxing city, which provided scientific basis for controlling flies and preventing and controlling intestinal infectious diseases.
Materials and methods
A survey site was set up in the new and old urban districts of Shaoxing City. Each survey site was divided into five habitats: garbage transfer station, residential area, agricultural market, catering industry and greening belt. Flies were monitored by cage trapping method and identified by ten days. Resistance of housefly to DDVP was determined by micro-drop method. Resistance to pesticides was tested. The epidemic data of intestinal infectious diseases were collected from the epidemic statistics report of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Yuecheng District.
The seasonal fluctuation of flies was analyzed by circular distribution method. The density and temperature of flies, the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases were analyzed by linear regression, and the drug resistance LD 50 of housefly was calculated and analyzed by weighted linear regression method.
Data collation and all statistical analysis procedures were completed in Excel 2003 and SPSS13.0.
Result
1. Population distribution and seasonal fluctuation of flies in Shaoxing urban area
Sixteen species of flies belonging to 10 genera and 5 families were identified in Shaoxing City. Among them, Golden Fly, Musca domestica and Lucilia sericata were the dominant species, Alice megacephala, Lucilia brilliant green fly, Sarcophagia melanogaster, Musca melanogaster, Stalk rot fly were the common species, and the rest were rare species.
In different years, the number and density of flies in different survey sites were different. The density of flies in new urban areas was obviously higher than that in old urban areas, and the average density in 2004 was higher than that in 2003.
The average density of flies in different habitats was 320.38 per cage per day in greenbelt, 187.91 per cage per day in farm market, 127.58 per cage per day in residential area and 127.44 per cage per day in restaurant. The average density of industrial flies was the lowest, 116.14 per cage per day. The highest density was found in all kinds of places.
The average density of flies in Shaoxing from 2003 to 2004 peaked on August 4 and June 8 to September 30. The peak density of flies in 2003 was August 11, June 17 to October 5, and in 2004 was February 29 and June 1. Until September 26th.
Two, the influence of environmental temperature on the seasonal fluctuation of flies.
The regression analysis of the monthly mean temperature and the average density of flies showed that there was a positive correlation between the temperature and the density of flies.
Three, the relationship between flies density and intestinal infectious diseases
The density of flies is an important factor affecting the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases. The correlation between the density of flies and the incidence of B-type intestinal infectious diseases in Shaoxing in the past two years was analyzed. The correlation coefficients between the density of flies and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in 2003 and 2004 were 0.846 and 0.612, respectively. Degree is an important factor affecting the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases.
Four, resistance of Musca domestica
Resistance of Musca domestica to deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, permethrin, aminothrin, dichlorvos and cis-cypermethrin was different in Shaoxing. DDVP and deltamethrin reached the highest resistance level, permethrin was high resistance level and aminothrin was low resistance level. The resistance of Musca domestica to deltamethrin increased fastest in Shaoxing from 1981 to 1983, 50 times in 23 years, 32 times in cis-cypermethrin, and 10 times in DDVP and permethrin.
conclusion
Through this study, we can draw the following conclusions: the distribution of fly population in Shaoxing is not the same as other areas; different months, different habitats, fly population composition, density is different; the seasonal fluctuation of flies shows obvious seasonal characteristics; environmental temperature and fly density is positively correlated, flies density within a certain range with the air. The density of flies is an important factor affecting the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases. The density of flies is increasing, and the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases is increasing. Musca domestica in Shaoxing has developed high resistance to dichlorvos, deltamethrin and cis-cypermethrin, but the resistance to dichlorvos and permethrin develops relatively slowly. It can inhibit and delay the development of resistance.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R183

【参考文献】