气象条件与潍坊市空气污染及部分疾病关系的研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 13:45
【摘要】： 随着工业化的发展，人们生活水平的提高，人们越来越重视生活质量。城市大气污染对人类的危害、气象环境对人类的疾病以及健康的影响，日益引起社会的关注。要控制大气污染，首先要了解该地大气污染的现状，并研究其与气象条件的关系，，在不利于污染扩散的气象条件下控制污染物排放。空气污染预报是对大气污染进行实时控制的一个基础性工作。 天气的变化不但会影响到人体的舒适度，还会影响到人体对疾病的抵御能力，使某些疾病加重或恶化，特别是一些特殊天气，由于气象要素变化剧烈，会使某些人引发疾病或者病情加重。研究气象条件人体健康的关系，特别是与某些疾病的关系，并做出预报，人们可以根据各自的情况合理安排自己的工作、生活。 本文使用的大气污染资料由潍坊市环境监测站提供，从2004年1月到2006年6月。病例资料由潍坊市人民医院住院处提供，时间从1997～2006年。气象资料由潍坊市气象台提供，包括1951年以来的各种有关气候资料。 分析发现：PM_(10)是潍坊市的首要污染物，全年有51.7％的时间属于轻度污染，另有5.2％的时间属于中度、重度污染。潍坊市冬季污染浓度远大于夏季，这与自然气象条件有关，也与冬季取暖用煤大量增加，污染排放加剧有关。在一日中污染物浓度变化呈双峰型，上午和晚上最高，这是由于气象条件和人类活动共同影响产生的。 降水能够明显减轻大气污染，在有大雾时，PM_(10)观测值很高。由于水滴的吸附作用，易溶于水的污染物特别是SO_2等物质的观测数值很低，不能真实反映此时大气中的污染程度。随着风速的增大，污染物浓度越来越低，但当风速超过5m／s时，污染物浓度有随风速增大而升高的趋势。风速超过8m／s后，SO_2和NO_2的浓度又开始降低，但PM_(10)的浓度继续升高。5m／s的风速最有利于PM_(10)的扩散和稀释。 通过对预报对象和预报因子的相关分析，分季节建立了统计预报方程，并根据潜势预报进行订正，能够做出成功的预报。 冬季是流感的高发期，长期气温偏高、干旱少雨、强冷空气活动、空气污染严重，是诱发流感的重要因素，通过流感病例于上述气象因子的相关分析，建立了预报方程。 寒冷天气影响是诱发冠心病的重要气象条件，根据不同时段的变温及变压，分季节建立了预报方程。 根据潍坊市的气候特点和人们的生活习惯，利用温度、湿度、风这3个影响人体舒适度的最重要因子分季节做出了潍坊市舒适度指数计算公式，并对指数进行了分级。
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization and the improvement of people's living standard, people pay more and more attention to the quality of life. Air pollution forecast is a basic work for real-time control of air pollution.
Weather changes not only affect the comfort of the human body, but also affect the human body's ability to resist diseases, making certain diseases worse or worse, especially some special weather, because of the drastic changes in meteorological factors, can cause some people to disease or aggravate the illness. To study the relationship between meteorological conditions and human health, especially with certain diseases. And make predictions, people can arrange their work and live according to their own circumstances.
The air pollution data used in this paper were provided by Weifang Environmental Monitoring Station from January 2004 to June 2006. The case data were provided by the inpatient department of Weifang People's Hospital from 1997 to 2006. The meteorological data were provided by Weifang Meteorological Observatory, including various climatic data since 1951.
It is found that PM_ (10) is the most important pollutant in Weifang City, 51.7% of the time is light pollution, and 5.2% of the time is moderate and severe pollution. The variation of the concentration was bimodal, with the highest in the morning and evening, which was caused by the combined effects of meteorological conditions and human activities.
Precipitation can significantly reduce atmospheric pollution, and PM_ (10) observations are very high in fog. Due to the adsorption of water droplets, the observed values of water-soluble pollutants, especially SO_2 and other substances, are too low to truly reflect the degree of atmospheric pollution at this time. The concentration of SO_2 and NO_2 began to decrease again when the wind speed exceeded 8 m/s, but the concentration of PM_ (10) continued to increase. The wind speed of 5 m/s was most favorable to the diffusion and dilution of PM_ (10).
Based on the correlation analysis of the forecasting object and the forecasting factor, the statistical forecasting equation is established by season and revised according to the potential forecasting, and the successful forecasting can be made.
Winter is the high-incidence period of influenza, long-term high temperature, drought and little rain, strong cold air activity, serious air pollution, is an important factor inducing influenza. Through the correlation analysis of influenza cases in the above meteorological factors, the prediction equation is established.
The influence of cold weather is an important meteorological condition to induce coronary heart disease. According to the temperature and pressure change of different periods, the forecast equation is established seasonally.
According to the climate characteristics and people's living habits of Weifang City, the formula of comfort index of Weifang City is worked out by using temperature, humidity and wind, which are the three most important factors affecting human comfort in different seasons, and the index is graded.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R122;R188
本文编号：2215170
[Abstract]:With the development of industrialization and the improvement of people's living standard, people pay more and more attention to the quality of life. Air pollution forecast is a basic work for real-time control of air pollution.
Weather changes not only affect the comfort of the human body, but also affect the human body's ability to resist diseases, making certain diseases worse or worse, especially some special weather, because of the drastic changes in meteorological factors, can cause some people to disease or aggravate the illness. To study the relationship between meteorological conditions and human health, especially with certain diseases. And make predictions, people can arrange their work and live according to their own circumstances.
The air pollution data used in this paper were provided by Weifang Environmental Monitoring Station from January 2004 to June 2006. The case data were provided by the inpatient department of Weifang People's Hospital from 1997 to 2006. The meteorological data were provided by Weifang Meteorological Observatory, including various climatic data since 1951.
It is found that PM_ (10) is the most important pollutant in Weifang City, 51.7% of the time is light pollution, and 5.2% of the time is moderate and severe pollution. The variation of the concentration was bimodal, with the highest in the morning and evening, which was caused by the combined effects of meteorological conditions and human activities.
Precipitation can significantly reduce atmospheric pollution, and PM_ (10) observations are very high in fog. Due to the adsorption of water droplets, the observed values of water-soluble pollutants, especially SO_2 and other substances, are too low to truly reflect the degree of atmospheric pollution at this time. The concentration of SO_2 and NO_2 began to decrease again when the wind speed exceeded 8 m/s, but the concentration of PM_ (10) continued to increase. The wind speed of 5 m/s was most favorable to the diffusion and dilution of PM_ (10).
Based on the correlation analysis of the forecasting object and the forecasting factor, the statistical forecasting equation is established by season and revised according to the potential forecasting, and the successful forecasting can be made.
Winter is the high-incidence period of influenza, long-term high temperature, drought and little rain, strong cold air activity, serious air pollution, is an important factor inducing influenza. Through the correlation analysis of influenza cases in the above meteorological factors, the prediction equation is established.
The influence of cold weather is an important meteorological condition to induce coronary heart disease. According to the temperature and pressure change of different periods, the forecast equation is established seasonally.
According to the climate characteristics and people's living habits of Weifang City, the formula of comfort index of Weifang City is worked out by using temperature, humidity and wind, which are the three most important factors affecting human comfort in different seasons, and the index is graded.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：R122;R188
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