福建房屋螨类调查及百里酚对刺足根螨的毒力实验

发布时间：2018-09-04 08:45

【摘要】：孳生于房屋里的螨类与人们生活息息相关，它们是一类重要的卫生害虫，以屋尘螨、粉尘螨、和腐食酪螨最为常见，是诱发人类哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、皮炎等疾病的主要因子，还能引起肺螨病、肠螨病等。福建地处东南沿海，属亚热带气候，温暖湿润，给螨类繁殖、为害及传播提供了有利条件。我们从福建省54个县市197所居民房(97间客厅、87间卧室、62间厨房)27个集体宿舍、17个办公室、9所旅馆里收集灰尘395份(地板372份、草席10份、吸尘器10份、沙发3份)，用贝氏分离器进行分离。结果表明，在395份尘样中，螨的检出率为38.8％。居民房螨的检出率为50.76％，集体宿舍为96.30％，办公室为64.70％，旅馆为55.26％。不同微环境粉尘中螨的检出率分别为：地板为37.20％、草席为50.00％、沙发为66.70％、吸尘器为50.00％。不同地板类型粉尘中螨的检出率分别为：土地板70.00％、瓷砖56.94％、地毯50.00％、水泥地40.00％、木地板18.75％。居民房不同房间粉尘中螨的检出率分别为：客厅27.83％、卧室36.78％、厨房27.42％。根据不同地区不同房屋、寄主、地板以及房屋内部房间所采集螨类进行的分析，，发现全省各地区居民房螨的检出率差异显著(χ~2=72.3763，P＜0.05)；不同房屋类型、不同寄主、不同地板类型以及房屋内部不同房间之间螨的检出率差异不显著。福建省房屋螨类调查共发现有4个目、28个科、55个种，其中热带无爪螨Blomia tropicalis(Bronswijk，Cock Oshima)检出率最高，占所有样品的48.86％，其次是网广缝甲螨Cosmochthonius reticulatus(Grandjean)，占16.71％。粉尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae(Hughes)发生数量较大，其密度常常超过了产生过敏症状的临界值。此外，根据植物精油在抗菌、杀虫和杀螨等方面的研究，考虑其无污染、无残留、用量少、价格低以及可阻止或延缓螨类的抗药性的特点，我们以刺足根螨Rhizoglyphus echinopus(Fumouze Robin)为房屋螨类代表，采用药膜法，进行了百里酚毒力实验。结果表明，24小时的LC_(50)=2.2222g／L；48小时的LC_(50)=0.6086g／L。该实验为植物油应用于房屋害螨防治提供了参考。
[Abstract]:The mites that breed in the house are closely related to people's life. They are a kind of important health pests, the most common of them are house dust mites, and tyrophes. They are the main factors that induce human asthma, allergic rhinitis, dermatitis and other diseases. Can also cause pulmonary acariasis, intestinal acariasis, etc. Fujian Province is located in the southeast coast. It is a subtropical climate, warm and humid, which provides favorable conditions for mite propagation. We collected 395 dust samples (372 floors, 10 straw mats, 10 vacuum cleaners) from 197 residential rooms (97 living rooms, 87 bedrooms, 62 kitchens), 27 dormitories, 17 offices and 9 hotels in Fujian Province. Sofa 3), using the Bayesian separator to separate. The results showed that the detection rate of mites was 38.8% in 395 dust samples. The detectable rate of house mites is 50.76, that of dormitory is 96.30, that of office is 64.70, that of hotel is 55.26. The detection rate of mites in different microenvironments was 37.20 on the floor, 50.00on the mat, 66.70 on the sofa and 50.00on the vacuum cleaner. The detectable rate of mites in the dust of different flooring types were: land board 70.00, ceramic tile 56.94, carpet 50.00, cement 40.00, wood floor 18.75. The detection rate of mites in different rooms was 27.83 in the living room, 36.78 in the bedroom and 27.422in the kitchen. According to the analysis of mites collected from different houses, hosts, floors and interior rooms of houses in different regions, it was found that there were significant differences in the detection rate of house mites in different areas of the province (蠂 ~ (2) 2) 72.3763 (P < 0.05), different types of houses and different hosts. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of mites between different floor types and different rooms within the house. In Fujian Province, there were 4 orders, 28 families and 55 species, of which Blomia tropicalis (Bronswijk,Cock Oshima was the highest, accounting for 48.86% of all samples, followed by Cosmochthonius reticulatus (Grandjean), (16.71%). Dermatophagoides farinae have a large number of Dermatophagoides farinae (Hughes) and their density often exceeds the threshold for allergic symptoms. In addition, based on the studies of plant essential oils in antibacterial, insecticidal and acaricidal studies, the characteristics of non-pollution, no residue, low dosage, low price and resistance to or delaying the resistance of mites are considered. The virulence of thymol was studied by using Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze Robin) as the representative of house mites. The results show that the LC_ (50) of 24 hours is 2.2222 g / L and the LC_ (50) of 48 hours is 0.6086 g / L. The experiment provides a reference for the application of vegetable oil to the prevention and control of house mites.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R184

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