西安市一起学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情调查

发布时间：2018-10-10 06:41

【摘要】：目的了解西安市某小学一起流行性腮腺炎疫情的暴发原因和流行特征,探讨暴发危险因素,以制定更有效的防控措施。方法采用描述性流行病学方法和病例对照研究方法对其流行特征和暴发危险因素进行分析。结果该起疫情持续了86 d,共出现4次发病高峰和5~6代病例,学生罹患率9.13%(83/909),无教职工病例。病例的主要症状为腮腺肿胀、发热、头痛和咽痛等。5-6月份为发病高峰期,占90.36%(75/83);五(2)班罹患率最高37.29%(22/59);病例年龄主要集中在10~11岁,占49.40%(41/83)。学生罹患率与年龄呈高度正相关(rs=0.829,P0.05)。病例对照研究表明,校外托管和有接触史是危险因素,饭前洗手和有接种史则是保护因素。结论缺乏专业校医和未进行应急接种是疫情暴发和平息缓慢的主要原因。建议相关部门对校外托管中心加强监督,做好疾病宣传教育工作,及时隔离病例,并实施2剂次疫苗接种策略;学校要配备专职校医,促使孩子养成良好的卫生习惯。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the causes and epidemic characteristics of an outbreak of mumps in a primary school in Xi'an, and to explore the risk factors of the outbreak so as to formulate more effective prevention and control measures. Methods Epidemiology and case-control study were used to analyze the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of outbreak. Results the outbreak lasted for 86 days. There were 4 peak cases and 5 cases of 6 generations. The incidence rate of students was 9.13% (83 / 909). The main symptoms of the cases were swelling of parotid gland, fever, headache and pharyngialgia. The peak period was 90.36% (75 / 83) in May and June, and the highest attack rate in 5 (2) shift was 37.29% (22 / 59), and the age of the cases was mainly 109.40% (49.40%) (41 / 83). There was a high positive correlation between attack rate and age (rs=0.829,P0.05). A case-control study showed that out-of-school trusteeship and exposure history were risk factors while washing hands before meals and inoculation history were protective factors. Conclusion the lack of professional school doctors and emergency vaccination are the main reasons for the slow outbreak and abatement of the epidemic. It is suggested that the relevant departments should strengthen the supervision of the outside trusteeship center, do a good job of disease publicity and education, isolate the cases in time, and carry out the strategy of two doses of vaccination, and that the school should be equipped with a full-time school doctor to urge the children to develop good hygiene habits.
【作者单位】：西安市疾病预防控制中心传染病控制科;
【分类号】：R725.1;R181.3

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