乌鲁木齐市职业暴露人群人禽流感感染和认知状况调查

发布时间：2018-10-15 08:10

【摘要】：目的调查乌鲁木齐市职业暴露人群感染禽流感病毒H5N1的状况,分析感染特征,了解职业暴露人群对人禽流感相关知识知晓情况以及态度行为状况,为制定预防控制人感染高致病性禽流感、流感大流行策略和措施及开展健康教育和健康促进提供依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,对乌鲁木齐市从事家禽养殖、活禽销售、宰杀的禽类职业暴露人员采集血清标本进行抗体水平检测,共调查205人,采集职业暴露人群养殖、销售、宰杀场所的水、禽类粪便及笼具表面等环境标本进行H5流感病毒PCR检测,同时对职业人群进行禽流感相关知识以及相关态度和行为的问卷调查。结果1、乌鲁木齐市职业暴露人群禽流感H5病毒感染率为2.44%,禽类宰杀人员高于贩卖销售和养殖人员。2、对93份职业人群暴露环境标本进行H5病毒检测,结果均为阴性。3、职业暴露人群对禽流感的认知总体平均得分为7.26分,职业中不同从业类别人群之间知识得分有差别,宰杀人员高于养殖和贩卖人员。不同文化程度和从业工龄的被调查对象禽流感知识得分也有差别,随着文化程度的提高和工龄的增加,对禽流感的知识平均得分也增高。有31.7%的人认为自己的身边可能发生禽流感,不同年龄组之间有统计学差异,中年组认为身边可能发生禽流感的比例高于青年组和老年组。职业暴露人群流感疫苗接种率较低,职业防护措施执行率低结论1、乌市职业人群中存在H5N1的隐形感染,其中禽类宰杀人员的感染率最高,应加强对职业人群的流感病毒监测,指导其做好职业防护,减少感染禽流感病毒的机会。2、在禽类从业人员职业场所的环境标本中未检出H5阳性,售卖活禽的市场可能是禽流感的感染来源之一,加强禽类销售和养殖场所的环境标本病原学检测,做好环境的清洁和消毒是控制人禽流感的关键环节。3、职业暴露人群对人禽流感相关知识有一定认识,但整体知识水平仍然偏低,对防治知识的全面性和深入性掌握的比例不高,对流感疫苗的接种率和有效职业防护率较低,应加强对职业人群的健康教育和健康促进,提高职业暴露人群的防控知识水平,倡导流感疫苗接种,指导职业人群的职业防护技能。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the status of infection with avian influenza virus (H5N1) in occupational exposed population in Urumqi, analyze the infection characteristics, and understand the knowledge of human avian influenza and attitude and behavior among occupational exposed population. To provide the basis for the prevention and control of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, influenza pandemic strategy and measures, health education and health promotion. Methods A cluster random sampling method was used to detect the antibody level of exposed poultry workers engaged in poultry farming, live poultry sales and slaughtering in Urumqi. A total of 205 people were investigated, and the exposed population was cultured and sold. The PCR of H5 influenza virus was detected in water, poultry faeces and cage surfaces of slaughtering sites, and a questionnaire survey on knowledge, attitude and behavior of avian influenza was carried out among professional population. Results 1. The infection rate of avian influenza H5 virus in occupational exposed population in Urumqi was 2.44, and the poultry slaughtermen were higher than those who sold, sold and cultured. 2. 93 exposed samples of occupational population were tested for H5 virus. The results were all negative. 3. The average score of cognition of avian influenza in occupational exposed population was 7.26. There were differences in knowledge scores among different occupational groups, and culling personnel were higher than those in breeding and trafficking. There were also differences in the Avian Influenza knowledge scores among the subjects with different educational levels and working years. With the increase of the educational level and the length of service, the average score of Avian Influenza knowledge also increased. 31. 7% of the people thought that bird flu might occur around them, and there were statistical differences among different age groups, and the middle age group thought that the proportion of bird flu around them was higher than that of the young group and the old group. Low coverage rate of influenza vaccine in occupational exposed population and low implementation rate of occupational protective measures conclusion 1. There is an invisible infection of H5N1 in occupational population in Wuzhou, among which the infection rate of poultry slaughtermen is the highest, so the surveillance of influenza virus in occupational population should be strengthened. Guiding them to do a good job of protecting themselves and reducing the chance of infection with avian influenza virus. 2. H5 positive was not detected in the environmental specimens of poultry workers' occupational sites. The market for selling live poultry may be one of the sources of avian influenza infection. It is a key link to control human avian influenza to strengthen the etiology detection of environmental specimens in poultry sales and breeding sites, and to do a good job of environmental cleaning and disinfection. 3. The occupational exposed population has a certain understanding of human avian influenza related knowledge. However, the overall knowledge level is still on the low side, the proportion of comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of prevention and control is not high, and the vaccination rate and effective occupational protection rate of influenza vaccine are relatively low. Therefore, health education and health promotion should be strengthened for the occupational population. To improve the knowledge of prevention and control of occupational exposed population, to advocate influenza vaccination, to guide occupational protection skills.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R183

【相似文献】