湖南长沙市嚼槟榔习惯的流行病学调查

发布时间：2018-11-03 11:09

【摘要】： 目的：了解湖南省长沙地区15岁及15岁以上人群中槟榔咀嚼情况及口腔粘膜下纤维性变(Oral Submucous Fibrosis, OSF)发病情况,为OSF预防提供科学依据。方法：按照第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查的要求,采用分级随机抽样的方法抽取研究样本,第一阶段,随机抽出长沙城区韭菜园和马王堆两个社区及浏阳市2个村作为调查点,分别代表城市和农村居民,第二阶段于社区和乡村中按男女及城乡比例以户为单位随机整群抽取样本进行调查,共计600名居民。采用问卷调查的方式调查所被抽查对象的槟榔咀嚼情况,并进行口腔检查以观察OSF发病情况。结果：600名被抽调居民共完成有效问卷551份,完成率为91.8%。在对长沙地区551名常住人口的调查中发现有111名有咀嚼槟榔习惯,槟榔咀嚼率为20.1%；男性槟榔咀嚼率为35.5%(100/282),女性咀嚼率为4.1%(11/269),两者比较,P=0.000,具有统计学差异,男性槟榔咀嚼率明显高于女性；城市人口咀嚼率21.7%稍高于农村17.5%,两者比较P0.05,无统计学差异；20-29岁(26.8%)及30-39岁(30.7%)年龄组具有较高的槟榔咀嚼率,与40-49岁年龄组(19.8%)和50-59岁年龄组(18.9%)四组间两两比较无差异；此四组与15-19岁(3.4%)及60岁以上(4.9%)年龄组有差异,P0.05。不同受教育程度咀嚼槟榔情况：初中及初中以下咀嚼率为20.5%,高中及中专的咀嚼率为22.3%,大专及大学以上为17.6%。三组之间两两比较均无统计学差异。不同工作状态的比较,有工作者槟榔咀嚼率最高(30.5%),其次是无工作者,(14.3%),学生军人主妇退休群体最低(5.4%),各组比较,P0.001,有统计学差异。咀嚼槟榔者中有80(72.1%)人有吸烟习惯,有50(45.0%)人有饮酒习惯,同时伴有吸烟饮酒习惯的有38(34.2%)人,仅有槟榔咀嚼习惯的只有19(17.1%)人。551名被调查者中发现6例OSF患者,患病率为1.1%,5个为男性,均为习惯性槟榔咀嚼者。结论：湖南省长沙地区居民有咀嚼槟榔习惯且有患OSF,有咀嚼槟榔习惯者男性多于女性。槟榔咀嚼在城乡没有差异,与受教育程度无关,与工作状况和年龄相关。槟榔咀嚼者多伴有吸烟、饮酒的习惯。槟榔咀嚼习惯者越来越趋于年青化。应加大宣传教育,增强对槟榔咀嚼危害的认识,以降低槟榔咀嚼率,最终降低OSF的患病率。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the masticatory status of betel nut and the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (Oral Submucous Fibrosis, OSF) in the population aged 15 and over in Changsha, Hunan Province, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention of OSF. Methods: according to the requirements of the third National Oral Health Epidemiology Survey, the method of stratified random sampling was used in the first stage. Two communities, namely, chives Garden and Mawangdui in Changsha City, and two villages in Liuyang City were randomly selected as investigation points, representing urban and rural residents, respectively. In the second stage, a total of 600 residents were collected randomly and clustered according to the ratio of men and women and urban and rural households in the community and rural areas. The chewing condition of betel nut was investigated by questionnaire, and the incidence of OSF was observed by oral examination. Results: a total of 551 questionnaires were completed by 600 residents, and the completion rate was 91.8%. In the survey of 551 permanent residents in Changsha, 111 of them had the habit of chewing betel nut, and the chewing rate of betel nut was 20.1. The chewing rate of male betel nut was 35.5% (100 / 282) and that of female was 4.1% (11 / 269). The mastication rate of urban population was slightly higher than that of rural population by 21.7%, and there was no statistical difference between them (P0.05). The chewing rate of areca nut was higher in the 20-29 (26.8%) and 30-39 (30.7%) age groups than in the 40-49 (19.8%) and 50-59 (18.9%) groups. The four groups were different from those aged 15-19 (3.4%) and over 60 (4.9%) (P 0.05). The chewing rate of betel nut was 20.5in junior middle school and below junior middle school, 22.3in senior middle school and technical secondary school, 17.6 in college and above. There was no statistical difference between the three groups. The chewing rate of betel nut was the highest (30.5%) among workers, followed by non-workers (14.3%), and the retired group of student military housewives (5.4%). Compared with each group, the rate of chewing betel nut was the highest (P 0.001). There is a statistical difference. Among those who chewed betel nut, 80 (72.1%) had the habit of smoking, 50 (45.0%) had the habit of drinking, and 38 (34.2%) had the habit of smoking and drinking. Only 19 (17.1%) betel nut chewing habits were found in 19 (17.1%) subjects, 6 OSF patients were found, the prevalence rate was 1.1 and 5 were male, all of them were habitual betel nut chewers. Conclusion: there are more males than females who have the habit of chewing betel nut and the habit of chewing betel nut with OSF, in Changsha area of Hunan province. Betel nut chewing was not different in urban and rural areas, but not related to educational level, and related to working status and age. Betel nut chewers are associated with the habit of smoking and drinking. Betel nut chewing habits are becoming younger and younger. In order to reduce the chewing rate of betel nut and reduce the prevalence rate of OSF, we should strengthen propaganda and education to enhance the understanding of the harm of betel nut chewing.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R181.3

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