控制论在流行病学监测中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-09 16:49

【摘要】： 目的以控制学相关理论为指导,研究并解决流行病学监测系统的质量控制与系统评价问题,完善流行病学监测的理论体系。具体目的有三:一是探索流行病学监测系统应该具有的特性;二是探索流行病学监测的质量控制措施;三是探索流行病学监测系统评价的体制、机制以及内容与指标。方法本研究采用逻辑学中的演绎推理、归纳推理、类比推理的方法。主要采用演绎推理,部分推理过程采用归纳推理,少数推理过程采用类比推理。结果 ①流行病学监测系统具有且应该具有如下24种特性:重要性、必要性、目的性、整体性、组织性、计划性、长期性、连续性、多元性、结构层次性、相关性、灵活性、动态平衡性、生产性、实用性、可控性、代表性、可行性、时效性、准确性、简明性、经济性、强制性、反馈性。 ②从系统全过程中可能存在的问题入手,针对性的提出27种系统质量控制措施:法制控制、制度控制、需求性控制、目的性控制、程序化控制、组织控制、简明性控制、合理性控制、可行性控制、经济性控制、配套设施控制、信息化控制、资源整合控制、监测事件的重要性必要性控制、代表性控制、计划性控制、采样控制、时效控制、抽查控制、层次控制、传递控制、采集检测环境控制、人员控制、工具控制、技术控制、反馈控制、应用控制。 ③流行病学监测系统的评价是一项复杂的系统工程,评价体系应包括:评价体制、评价内容与指标、评价机制三方面内容。对流行病学监测系统实施评价应从系统合理性、系统运行环境、系统全过程、系统结果四个方面入手,并形成一套规范的评价流程和完善的评价制度,从而确保系统评价工作的有效性。结论 ①流行病学监测系统具有诸多特性。这些特性,既是流行病学监测系统建立、运行过程中必须遵守的原则,又是系统评价过程中所要评价的具体内容,也是系统完善过程中所要达到的目标。 ②流行病学监测信息的“可伪性”可以来自系统建立、运行、评价、完善过程的各环节、各阶段。因此,系统的质量控制也应从这些可能导致信息质量问题的环节入手,针对性地实施控制,并贯穿系统建立、运行、评价、完善的全过程,从而达到优化系统运行环境、完善系统过程、提高信息质量的目的。 ③流行病学监测系统的评价,对于及时发现系统运行过程中存在的问题、不断地完善系统具有非常重要的作用。形成一套较为完善的系统评价体系对于系统的发展具有非常重要的意义。评价体系应当包括评价体制、评价内容与指标、评价机制三方面内容。其中,评价体制解决评价工作的组织、实施由谁做的问题,评价内容与评价指标解决评价工作做什么的问题,评价机制解决评价工作如何做的问题。
[Abstract]:Objective to study and solve the problems of quality control and system evaluation of epidemiological surveillance system under the guidance of relevant theories of control, and to perfect the theoretical system of epidemiological monitoring. There are three specific purposes: first, to explore the characteristics of epidemiological surveillance system; second, to explore the quality control measures of epidemiological monitoring; third, to explore the system, mechanism, contents and indicators of epidemiological monitoring system evaluation. Methods in this study, deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning and analogical reasoning were adopted in logic. Deductive reasoning is mainly used, inductive reasoning is used in part reasoning process and analogy reasoning is used in a few reasoning processes. Results (1) Epidemiological surveillance systems have and should have the following 24 characteristics: importance, necessity, purpose, integrity, organization, planning, long-term, continuity, plurality, structural hierarchy and relevance. Flexibility, dynamic balance, productivity, practicality, controllability, representativeness, feasibility, timeliness, accuracy, simplicity, economy, compulsion, feedback. 2 from the possible problems in the whole process of the system, 27 kinds of system quality control measures are put forward: legal system control, demand control, purpose control, program control, organization control, conciseness control. Rationality control, feasibility control, economic control, supporting facility control, information control, resource integration control, necessity control of importance of monitoring events, representational control, planning control, sampling control, time-limit control, Spot check control, hierarchical control, transfer control, collection and detection environment control, personnel control, tool control, technical control, feedback control, application control. 3 the evaluation of epidemiological surveillance system is a complex system engineering. The evaluation system should include three aspects: evaluation system, evaluation content and index, evaluation mechanism. The evaluation of epidemiological monitoring system should start from four aspects: system rationality, system operating environment, system whole process, system result, and form a set of standard evaluation flow and perfect evaluation system. So as to ensure the effectiveness of the system evaluation. Conclusion 1 Epidemiological surveillance system has many characteristics. These characteristics are not only the principles to be observed in the establishment and operation of the epidemiological surveillance system, but also the concrete contents of the evaluation in the course of the system evaluation, and the goal to be achieved in the process of system perfection. 2 the "falsity" of epidemiological surveillance information can come from every link and stage of system establishment, operation, evaluation and improvement. Therefore, the quality control of the system should start with the links that may lead to the information quality problems, and carry out the control pertinently, and run through the whole process of establishing, running, evaluating and perfecting the system, so as to optimize the operating environment of the system. Perfect the system process, improve the purpose of information quality. 3 the evaluation of epidemiological monitoring system plays an important role in discovering the problems existing in the operation of the system in time and continuously perfecting the system. It is very important for the development of the system to form a set of perfect system evaluation system. The evaluation system should include three aspects: evaluation system, evaluation content and index, evaluation mechanism. Among them, the evaluation system solves the organization of evaluation work, the implementation of the problem by who, the evaluation content and evaluation index to solve the problem of what evaluation work does, and the evaluation mechanism to solve the problem of how to do evaluation work.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R181.3

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