三峡坝区主要病媒生物及其相关疾病的调查研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 19:14

【摘要】：目的1、掌握三峡坝区主要病媒生物种群消长趋势,全面分析三峡水库蓄水和三峡工程建设对坝区病媒生物的影响。2、分析病媒生物相关疾病在动物宿主和人群中流行情况,对坝区病媒生物相关疾病流行趋势做出预测。3、评价三峡工程对坝区病媒生物相关疾病流行的影响,提出今后坝区病媒生物相关疾病防治重点和措施。方法1、随机抽取坝区茅坪镇、太平溪镇、三斗坪镇和乐天溪镇作为调查点。采用夹夜法捕鼠,采用吸蚊器捕捉蚊虫。2、实验室检测采用直接免疫荧光法检测鼠类流行性出血热抗原;采用间接免疫荧光法检测鼠类流行性出血热抗体;采用Korthof培养基进行鼠肾培养以检测钩端螺旋体感染;采用直接镜检法检测溪蟹并殖吸虫囊蚴感染;采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测人血清流行性出血热和并殖吸虫IgG抗体;采用显微凝集试验检测人血清钩端螺旋体感染。3、采用Office 2003软件系统中的Excel建立数据库,采用SPSS13.0完成统计分析。结果1、2006年-2008年三峡坝区鼠密度变化呈倒“V”型,2007年9月份达到最高峰;坝区上游鼠密度高于坝区下游鼠密度;室内鼠密度(9.82%-17.33%)远高于室外鼠密度(1.42%-5.96%);室内以黄毛鼠和小家鼠为主要鼠种,室外以黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠为主要鼠种。溪蟹密度呈逐年下降趋势,以兴山华溪蟹和锯齿华溪蟹为优势蟹种。2007年坝区蚊虫密度较2006年有所升高,主要蚊种是致倦库蚊和骚扰阿蚊,中华按蚊只占捕蚊总数的0.55%。2、2006年-2008年坝区鼠类流行性出血热抗原、抗体阳性率呈逐步上升趋势,各鼠种感染无明显差异;人群流行性出血热隐性感染率为1.82%,坝区上游高于坝区下游,学生感染率最高。3、2006年-2008年坝区鼠类钩端螺旋体感染率无明显变化(18.13%-21.77%),室外鼠类感染率高于室内鼠类,以黑线姬鼠感染率最高;2007年坝区人群钩端螺旋体感染率高于2006年坝区人群感染率,坝区上游人群隐性感染率高于坝区下游,坝区人群主要感染钩端螺旋体血清型是黄疸出血群,农民感染率最高。4、坝区溪蟹并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率以2006年最高,感染率最高的蟹种是若水小石蟹;2007人群并殖吸虫隐性感染率明显高于2006年,坝区上游高于坝区下游,以学生的感染率最高。结论1、由于三峡工程的施工和水库的蓄水,坝区生态环境和社会经济发生了重大的变化,对鼠类、溪蟹等病媒生物的生存环境产生了重大影响,导致其种群结构和密度在短期内发生较大的变化。2、鼠密度特别是室内鼠密度的上升,鼠类流行性出血热感染率逐年上升,坝区人群流行性出血热免疫力仍处于相对较低水平,坝区流行性出血热发生流行性出血热流行或爆发的危险性增大。3、坝区鼠类钩端螺旋体感染率处于相对较高水平,人群隐性感染率较低,但2007年人群感染率高于2006年人群感染率,说明人群与动物宿主接触增加。综上所述,坝区人群发生钩端螺旋体病流行的危险性加大,做好室外工作人群的个人防护,提高坝区人群免疫力水平是预防其流行的有效措施。4、坝区溪蟹密度连年下降,溪蟹并殖吸虫囊蚴感染率处于较低水平,但坝区人群隐性感染率有所上升,说明人群与动物宿主接触率增加。综上所述,并殖吸虫在近期发生流行或爆发的可能性较低,但应当加强并殖吸虫病防治知识的宣传,培养坝区群众良好的生活习惯,提高易感人群的免疫力,以确保坝区人民健康。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the effect of the three gorges reservoir water storage and the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the vector biology of the dam region, and to analyze the epidemic situation of the disease vector biological related diseases in the host and the population of the Three Gorges Reservoir. 3. To evaluate the effect of the Three Gorges Project on the epidemic of vector-related diseases in the dam area, and to put forward the focus and measures of the disease vector-related diseases in the future. Method 1: Take a random sample of the town of Simaoping Town, Tai Ping-xi Town, Sandooping Town and Letian Creek Town in the dam area. check point. The mouse was caught by the night method, and the mosquito was captured by the mosquito-sucking device. 2. The detection of the mouse epidemic hemorrhagic fever antigen was detected by the direct immunofluorescence method. The epidemic hemorrhagic fever with the mouse was detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Keywords antibody; rat kidney culture with Korthof culture medium to detect the infection of leptospirosis; use direct microscopic examination to detect the infection of the cyparagonimus paragonimus; and use the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the human serum epidemic hemorrhagic fever and Paragonimiasis IgG. antibody; human serum leptospirosis infection by microagglutination test; 3, using Excel in Office 2003 software system to establish database, and using SPSS13.0 to complete the statistics Analysis. Results 1, 2006-2008 Three Gorges Dam Area Rat density change The density of the upper reaches of the dam area is higher than that in the downstream of the dam area. The density of the indoor mice (9.82% -173.33%) is much higher than that of the outdoor mouse (1.42% -5.96%); the indoor rats are the main mouse species, and the outdoor takes the Apodemus agrarius and the Rattus norvegicus. In 2007, the density of mosquitoes in the dam area increased year by year. The density of mosquitoes in the dam area in 2007 was higher than that in 2006. The main mosquito species were Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus. The total number of mosquitoes in the area of Anopheles sinensis was only 0.55% of the total number of mosquito-catching mosquitoes. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of hemorrhagic fever with the positive rate of the antibody. The recessive infection rate of the epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the population was 1.82%, the upstream of the dam area was higher than the downstream of the dam area, and the infection rate of the students was the highest. 3. The infection rate of the leptospirosis in the dam area in the dam area in the period from 2006 to 2008 was not significantly changed (18. 13% -21). (77%), the infection rate of the outdoor mice was higher than that in the indoor rats, and the infection rate of the Apodemus agrarius was the highest; the infection rate of the leptospirosis in the population in the dam area in 2007 was higher than that of the population in the dam area in 2006, and the recessive infection rate of the population in the upstream of the dam area was high. In the downstream of the dam area, the main infection of the leptospirosis of the population in the dam area is the hemorrhagic group of yellow and yellow, the infection rate of the peasants is the highest. 4. The infection rate of the crab in the dam area is the highest in 2006, and the highest rate of the crab is the small stone crab in the water. The recessive infection rate of the Paragonimus paragonimus in 2007 is significantly higher than that of the second group. In 2006, the upstream of the dam area is higher than the downstream of the dam area, with the students Conclusion 1. Because of the construction of the Three Gorges Project and the impoundment of the reservoir, the ecological environment and the social economy of the dam area have changed greatly, which have a great influence on the living environment of the vector organisms such as the mouse and the river crab, leading to the short-term development of its population structure and density. the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the dam region is still relatively low, and the epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the dam region is in the epidemic or the outbreak of epidemic hemorrhagic fever 3. The infection rate of the leptospirosis of the rat in the dam area is at a relatively high level, the recessive infection rate of the population is lower, but the infection rate of the population in 2007 is higher than that of the population in 2006, indicating the population and the population. In conclusion, the risk of the epidemic of leptospirosis in the population of the dam area is increased, the personal protection of the outdoor working population is well done, and the immunity level of the population in the dam area is an effective measure to prevent the epidemic. The density of the river crab was decreased in a year, and the infection rate of the cloacagonimiasis in the river crab was lower, but the recessive infection rate of the population in the dam area increased, indicating the population and the movement. in conclusion, that possibility of the paragonimus in the recent epidemic or explosion is low, but the propaganda of the disease prevention and control knowledge of the paragonimiasis should be strengthened, the good living habits of the people in the dam area should be cultivated, and the immunity of the human-sensitive people can be improved,
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：R184

【相似文献】