2012-2016年南京地区结核病流行特征分析
发布时间：2018-12-10 21:16
【摘要】：研究目的:尽管结核病曾在以往肆虐过,但其现在对世界的公共卫生仍然构成重大威胁。世界上三分之一的人口被感染,许多人生病。其中,大部分人每年死于疾病,中华人民共和国及撒哈拉以南非洲国家均被列为负担沉重的国家之一。该国的结核患病率估计为12%,平均每年流行病例为140万例,平均死亡人数为13,000例。然而,2010年进行的最新全国调查显示,结核病在全国分布不均匀。江苏省会南京前几年的流行呈上升趋势。因此,该研究旨在分析2012-2016年江苏南京的结核病流行特征。研究方法从CDC系统收集南京市2012年1月至2016年12月结核病检测数据进行回顾性描述分析。根据不同性别,年龄,职业和地区进行描述性分析和估计结核病的发病率及死亡率,并评估5年以上发病率及死亡率趋势。采用SPSS19.0软件统计分析,Pearson卡方检验分析分布的差异。研究结果:研究期间共有13845例结合病例,其中74人死亡。从2012-2016年起,结核病患病率从33.32/10万人次下降到31.4/10万人次。死亡率由0.20/10万人下降到0.18/10万人,患病比例也从0.6%略有下降到0.58%。男性和女性的结核感染及死亡率的年龄分布具有统计学差异(P0.001)。25-44岁和45-64岁年龄组别的个体在女性和男性中分别为患结核病的高风险人群。12,992例(99.6%)年龄在15岁以上,其中男性结核病总数超过女性(68.8%31.2%),大部分死亡病例为男性。结核病患病率及死亡率随年龄增长而增加,而65岁及以上的个体发病率呈下降趋势。在全体人口中,农民所占比例最大(36.5%)。职业对结核的患病和死亡率由显著影响(P0.001)。此外,病情趋势显示,医务人员,退修人员和家庭佣工失业人数上升。江宁区共1073人(16%)所占比例最大,高淳的农村受影响大,占死亡人数的26.7%。地区分布显示,41%的病例发生在玄武,鼓楼,建业,秦淮和雨花台等区,大部分死亡人数均在农村和城市地区报告(42.2%)。结核病的感染率和死亡率在地区分布的差异有统计学意义。结论:结核病的感染和死亡率略微有下降。结核病预防和控制应该更加重视感染或者未感染的高危人群,其中包括:青少年直到老年人,男性,农民,家庭和退修人员及居住于大城市的人群,从而有效降低结核病的发病率。
[Abstract]:Objective: although TB has been rampant in the past, it still poses a major threat to public health in the world. 1/3 of the world's population is infected and many are ill. The people's Republic of China and sub-Saharan Africa are among the most heavily burdened countries, with most people dying of disease every year. The country's TB prevalence is estimated at 12, with an average annual epidemic of 1.4 million and an average of 13000 deaths. However, the latest national survey conducted in 2010 shows that tuberculosis is unevenly distributed across the country. The prevalence of Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, has been on the rise in the past few years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2016. Methods data collected from CDC system from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. To analyze and estimate the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis according to sex, age, occupation and region, and to evaluate the trend of morbidity and mortality over 5 years. The difference of distribution was analyzed by SPSS19.0 software and Pearson chi-square test. Results: during the study period, there were 13845 cases of combined cases, 74 of which died. From 2012-2016, TB prevalence dropped from 33.32 to 100,000 to 31.4 to 100,000. The mortality rate dropped from 0.20% to 0.18%, and the disease rate dropped slightly from 0.6% to 0.58%. Age distribution of tuberculosis infection and mortality in males and females is statistically different (P0. 001). Individuals in the age group 25-44 and 45-64 are at high risk of TB among females and males, respectively. 12992 Cases (99.6%) were over 15 years of age, The total number of tuberculosis in males was higher than that in females (68.81.2%), and the majority of deaths were male. The morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis increased with age, while the incidence rate of individuals aged 65 and above showed a decreasing trend. Of the total population, farmers account for the largest proportion (36.5%). Occupation had significant effects on tuberculosis morbidity and mortality (P0.001). In addition, the trend of illness showed an increase in unemployment among medical, retired and domestic workers. Jiangning District has the largest proportion of 1073 people (16%), and the rural area of Gaochun is greatly affected, accounting for 26.7% of the deaths. The regional distribution showed that 41% of the cases occurred in Black Tortoise, Gulou, Jianye, Qinhuai and Yuhuatai, and most of the deaths were reported in rural and urban areas (42.2%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of tuberculosis infection and mortality in different regions. Conclusion: there is a slight decrease in tuberculosis infection and mortality. TB prevention and control should pay more attention to those at high risk of infection or non-infection, including adolescents up to the elderly, men, farmers, families and retired workers, and people living in large cities. Thus effectively reduce the incidence of tuberculosis.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R52;R181.3
本文编号：2371209
[Abstract]:Objective: although TB has been rampant in the past, it still poses a major threat to public health in the world. 1/3 of the world's population is infected and many are ill. The people's Republic of China and sub-Saharan Africa are among the most heavily burdened countries, with most people dying of disease every year. The country's TB prevalence is estimated at 12, with an average annual epidemic of 1.4 million and an average of 13000 deaths. However, the latest national survey conducted in 2010 shows that tuberculosis is unevenly distributed across the country. The prevalence of Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, has been on the rise in the past few years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2016. Methods data collected from CDC system from January 2012 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. To analyze and estimate the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis according to sex, age, occupation and region, and to evaluate the trend of morbidity and mortality over 5 years. The difference of distribution was analyzed by SPSS19.0 software and Pearson chi-square test. Results: during the study period, there were 13845 cases of combined cases, 74 of which died. From 2012-2016, TB prevalence dropped from 33.32 to 100,000 to 31.4 to 100,000. The mortality rate dropped from 0.20% to 0.18%, and the disease rate dropped slightly from 0.6% to 0.58%. Age distribution of tuberculosis infection and mortality in males and females is statistically different (P0. 001). Individuals in the age group 25-44 and 45-64 are at high risk of TB among females and males, respectively. 12992 Cases (99.6%) were over 15 years of age, The total number of tuberculosis in males was higher than that in females (68.81.2%), and the majority of deaths were male. The morbidity and mortality of tuberculosis increased with age, while the incidence rate of individuals aged 65 and above showed a decreasing trend. Of the total population, farmers account for the largest proportion (36.5%). Occupation had significant effects on tuberculosis morbidity and mortality (P0.001). In addition, the trend of illness showed an increase in unemployment among medical, retired and domestic workers. Jiangning District has the largest proportion of 1073 people (16%), and the rural area of Gaochun is greatly affected, accounting for 26.7% of the deaths. The regional distribution showed that 41% of the cases occurred in Black Tortoise, Gulou, Jianye, Qinhuai and Yuhuatai, and most of the deaths were reported in rural and urban areas (42.2%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of tuberculosis infection and mortality in different regions. Conclusion: there is a slight decrease in tuberculosis infection and mortality. TB prevention and control should pay more attention to those at high risk of infection or non-infection, including adolescents up to the elderly, men, farmers, families and retired workers, and people living in large cities. Thus effectively reduce the incidence of tuberculosis.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R52;R181.3
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