丹江库区鼠类种群分布及携带寄生虫调查
发布时间：2018-12-13 13:45
【摘要】： 目的 南水北调工程已进入移民搬迁、大坝加高、蓄水水位提高的实质性阶段,为预防和控制库区鼠类病媒生物性传染病的发生和传播,保障南水北调水源安全,对丹江库区不同环境鼠群种类及携带寄生虫情况进行调查研究。方法 通过现场监测,采用鼠笼法、鼠夹法隔夜捕获鼠类,在实验室内进行鼠群种类、鼠龄、性别鉴定和体表、体内寄生虫调查、研究。鼠群种类鉴定：按照鼠的分类目录,并根据体型、体重、体长、尾长、毛须特征、颜色、胸背形状特征以及爪的形状等特征进行分类。体表寄生虫搜集方法：将鼠提起尾巴于清洁白瓷盘上方,由上向下用篦子梳理鼠毛后搜集盘中的寄生虫,用毛笔尖蘸水把寄生虫移入75%酒精瓶内保存,按虱、蚤、螨、其他分类计数；体内寄生虫调查检验方法：将鼠类剖腹后,首先以肉眼观察肝脏表面有无病变,如发现有淡黄色、散在或聚集分布的结节时,剪取肝脏病变和部分肌肉(舌肌、膈肌或后腿),分别置于载玻片直接压片法,在显微镜下镜检肝毛细线虫感染情况。结果 本项调查共布放笼(夹)5000个次,有效笼(夹)4720个次,有效率为94.4%,共捕获各种老鼠355只,发现鼠种1目2科5属7种,分别为社鼠、大林姬鼠、大仓鼠、棕背鼠平、褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠。库区鼠密度为7.52%,鼠类时间分布上,1-7月鼠密度持续升高,8月、9月维持高水平,9月以后持续下降,至12月份鼠密度降到一年中最低；捕获的鼠类按照鼠龄分成年鼠占86.48%,幼年鼠占13.52%；按照性别分雄性鼠占54.37%,雌性鼠占45.63%。鼠笼法捕获率(8.34%)高于鼠夹法捕获率(6.72%),χ2=4.28。有144只老鼠体表查到携带有寄生虫,鼠体表寄生虫感染率达40.56%,鼠笼法捕获活鼠体表寄生虫感染率(62.05%)高于鼠夹法捕获死鼠体表寄生虫感染率(14.38%),χ2=82.86。查到体内感染有肝毛细线虫鼠32只,体内肝毛细线虫感染率为9.01%,平原的家栖鼠肝毛细线虫感染率高于山区鼠。 结论 库区鼠密度以及寄生虫携带率均较高,传播相关病媒生物性疾病的风险大,为保障南水北调水源安全,预防相关传染病爆发,应加强对丹江口水库库区鼠类的杀灭。本文应用鼠笼法和鼠夹法捕获鼠类,两种方法捕获率不同,有待进一步增加布放鼠笼鼠夹数量进行证实；鼠笼法捕获活鼠与鼠夹法捕获死鼠体表寄生虫感染率不同,因此若进行鼠体表寄生虫研究应当应用鼠笼法捕获活鼠,以保障反映鼠体携带寄生虫的真实情况。进行鼠类密度与人群病媒生物性疾病之间的研究,可建立相应的数学模型。
[Abstract]:Objective in order to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of rodent vector-borne infectious diseases in reservoir area, the South-to-North Water transfer Project has entered the substantial stage of migration, dam raising and water storage water level raising, so as to ensure the safety of water source for South-to-North Water transfer. The species of rodents and parasites in different environments in Danjiang reservoir area were investigated. Methods the rodents were captured overnight by cage method and trap method. The species, age, sex, body surface and parasites of the rodents were investigated in the laboratory. Group identification: according to the classification catalogue of mice, and according to the body size, body weight, body length, tail length, hair characteristics, color, chest back shape and claw shape and other characteristics of classification. Methods of collecting parasites on the body surface: the mouse is lifted up its tail over the white porcelain plate, combed up and down with a grate to collect the parasites from the disk, and the parasites are transferred into 75% alcohol bottles with the tip of a brush to be stored in a 75% alcohol bottle, and stored according to lice, fleas, mites. Other classification counts; Methods for investigation of parasites in vivo: after dissecting the rats, we observed with the naked eye whether there were any lesions on the surface of the liver. If we found light yellow, scattered or clustered nodules, we cut out the pathological changes of the liver and some muscles (tongue muscle, diaphragm muscle or hind leg). The infection of hepatic capillary nematode was examined under microscope. Results A total of 5000 cages (clamps) and 4720 effective cages (clamps) were placed in this investigation. The effective rate was 94.44.A total of 355 rats were captured, and 7 species of mice, 1 order, 2 families, 5 genera and 7 species, were found to be social mice and Apodemus dahliensis, respectively. Hamster, Brown back Rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus, Mouse. The density of rats in the reservoir area was 7.52. In the time distribution of rodents, the density of rodents in January and July continued to increase, and maintained a high level in August and September. After September, the density of rats decreased to the lowest in a year. According to the age of the rats, 86.48% of the rats were captured, 13.52% of the young rats, 54.37% of the male rats and 45.63 33% of the female rats according to sex. The capture rate of cage method (8.34%) was higher than that of rat clip method (6.72%). The infection rate of parasites on the body surface of 144 mice was 40.56. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method (62.05%) was higher than that of dead mice (14.38%). 蠂 2: 82.86. 32 rats were found to be infected with liver capillary nematode, and the infection rate of liver capillary nematode was 9.01. The infection rate of hepatic capillary nematode in plain was higher than that in mountain area. Conclusion the density of rats and the carrying rate of parasites in the reservoir area are both high, and the risk of transmission of related vector biological diseases is high. In order to ensure the safety of water source of South-to-North Water diversion and to prevent the outbreak of related infectious diseases, The killing of rats in Danjiangkou reservoir area should be strengthened. In this paper, the rat-cage method and the rat-clamp method are used to capture the rodents. The two methods have different capture rates, which need to be further verified by increasing the number of rat-cage traps. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method is different from that by trap method. Therefore, the study of parasites on the body surface of mice should be carried out in order to ensure the real situation of parasites carried by mice. A mathematical model can be established by studying the relationship between rodent density and human vector biological diseases.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R181.3;R184
本文编号：2376632
[Abstract]:Objective in order to prevent and control the occurrence and spread of rodent vector-borne infectious diseases in reservoir area, the South-to-North Water transfer Project has entered the substantial stage of migration, dam raising and water storage water level raising, so as to ensure the safety of water source for South-to-North Water transfer. The species of rodents and parasites in different environments in Danjiang reservoir area were investigated. Methods the rodents were captured overnight by cage method and trap method. The species, age, sex, body surface and parasites of the rodents were investigated in the laboratory. Group identification: according to the classification catalogue of mice, and according to the body size, body weight, body length, tail length, hair characteristics, color, chest back shape and claw shape and other characteristics of classification. Methods of collecting parasites on the body surface: the mouse is lifted up its tail over the white porcelain plate, combed up and down with a grate to collect the parasites from the disk, and the parasites are transferred into 75% alcohol bottles with the tip of a brush to be stored in a 75% alcohol bottle, and stored according to lice, fleas, mites. Other classification counts; Methods for investigation of parasites in vivo: after dissecting the rats, we observed with the naked eye whether there were any lesions on the surface of the liver. If we found light yellow, scattered or clustered nodules, we cut out the pathological changes of the liver and some muscles (tongue muscle, diaphragm muscle or hind leg). The infection of hepatic capillary nematode was examined under microscope. Results A total of 5000 cages (clamps) and 4720 effective cages (clamps) were placed in this investigation. The effective rate was 94.44.A total of 355 rats were captured, and 7 species of mice, 1 order, 2 families, 5 genera and 7 species, were found to be social mice and Apodemus dahliensis, respectively. Hamster, Brown back Rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus flavipectus, Mouse. The density of rats in the reservoir area was 7.52. In the time distribution of rodents, the density of rodents in January and July continued to increase, and maintained a high level in August and September. After September, the density of rats decreased to the lowest in a year. According to the age of the rats, 86.48% of the rats were captured, 13.52% of the young rats, 54.37% of the male rats and 45.63 33% of the female rats according to sex. The capture rate of cage method (8.34%) was higher than that of rat clip method (6.72%). The infection rate of parasites on the body surface of 144 mice was 40.56. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method (62.05%) was higher than that of dead mice (14.38%). 蠂 2: 82.86. 32 rats were found to be infected with liver capillary nematode, and the infection rate of liver capillary nematode was 9.01. The infection rate of hepatic capillary nematode in plain was higher than that in mountain area. Conclusion the density of rats and the carrying rate of parasites in the reservoir area are both high, and the risk of transmission of related vector biological diseases is high. In order to ensure the safety of water source of South-to-North Water diversion and to prevent the outbreak of related infectious diseases, The killing of rats in Danjiangkou reservoir area should be strengthened. In this paper, the rat-cage method and the rat-clamp method are used to capture the rodents. The two methods have different capture rates, which need to be further verified by increasing the number of rat-cage traps. The infection rate of parasites captured by cage method is different from that by trap method. Therefore, the study of parasites on the body surface of mice should be carried out in order to ensure the real situation of parasites carried by mice. A mathematical model can be established by studying the relationship between rodent density and human vector biological diseases.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R181.3;R184
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 刘素兰,徐业华,谢禾秀,汪玫仪;肝毛细线虫的鼠体感染及虫卵扫描电镜观察[J];动物学杂志;1987年03期
2 刘运喜,杨占清,孟祥瑞,吴钦永;山东部分地区鼠类肝毛细线虫感染调查[J];动物学杂志;1997年05期
3 王诗恒;张华;;关于常德鼠疫及其控制方案的报告[J];湖南文理学院学报(社会科学版);2006年06期
4 张静,汪诚信,白呼群,苏崇鳌,鄂启顺,武桂珍,黄玉英;三峡库区虫媒和自然疫源性疾病分析[J];长江流域资源与环境;2004年02期
5 金大雄,裘学丽,热孜万;我国吸虱的新记录[J];地方病通报;1993年03期
6 王鹏;石丽媛;于国林;董兴齐;海荣;俞东征;;云南鼠疫菌随机引物扩增DNA多态性指纹图谱分析[J];大理学院学报(自然科学);2006年12期
7 杨春光;董兴齐;;动物鼠疫预测模型的研究进展[J];大理学院学报;2007年02期
8 苏触景;郑朝晖;;泉州后渚港鼠类及染蚤本底调查报告[J];中国国境卫生检疫杂志;2006年05期
9 李洪河;;建国初期的鼠疫流行及其时空分布探析[J];河南广播电视大学学报;2008年01期
10 王庭柱;张卫东;;关于南水北调中线工程水源地自然疫源地调查研究的建议[J];河南预防医学杂志;2009年04期
，本文编号：2376632
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/yixuelunwen/liuxingb/2376632.html
