浦东新区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻感染现况及危险因素研究

发布时间：2018-12-16 17:07

【摘要】：目的了解上海市浦东新区5岁以下儿童的病毒性腹泻的感染现况,探讨5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的危险因素。方法采用实时荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)对2012年2月~2013年1月,两家监测点医院送样的619例腹泻患儿的粪便标本进行诺如病毒(norovirus,NV)、轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)、星状病毒(astrovirus,ASTV)、札如病毒(sapovirus,SPV)、肠道腺病毒(enteric adenovirus,EADV)的核酸检测,对检测结果阳性者以性别、年龄、社区1∶2配比进行病例对照研究。结果病毒检出率由高到低排序为:NV(11.95%)、RV(7.27%)、EADV(2.91%)、SPV(1.45%)、ASTV(0.97%);各月份病毒的检出率差异无统计学意义(x2=8.46,P=0.672);多因素分析显示菜板使用、洗果蔬用水、前1周家中是否与患胃肠炎的亲人接触是独立危险因素,接种轮状病毒疫苗、吃水果是儿童病毒性腹泻发生的保护因素。结论 NV为浦东新区5岁以下儿童腹泻的最主要的病原,接种疫苗、保持手卫生、隔离病人是预防控制5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻有效的措施。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the prevalence of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Pudong New District, Shanghai, and to explore the risk factors of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. Methods from February 2012 to January 2013, the fecal samples of 619 children with diarrhea were detected by real-time fluorescence quantification-polymerase chain reaction (real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR). From February 2012 to January 2013, the fecal samples of 619 children with diarrhea were treated with norovirus (norovirus,NV). Nucleic acid detection of rotavirus (rotavirus,RV), stellate virus (astrovirus,ASTV), sapovirus,SPV and intestinal adenovirus (enteric adenovirus,EADV). A case-control study was carried out at 1:2 in the community. Results the order of virus detection rate from high to low was: NV (11.95%), RV (7.27%), EADV (2.91%), SPV (1.45%), ASTV (0.97%). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of virus in each month (x2 + 8.46% P0. 672). Multivariate analysis showed that the use of vegetable board, the use of fruit and vegetable water, the first week of family contact with gastroenteritis were independent risk factors, inoculation of rotavirus vaccine and eating fruit were the protective factors of viral diarrhea in children. Conclusion NV is the main pathogen of diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Pudong New area. Vaccination, keeping hand hygiene and isolating patients are effective measures to prevent and control viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age.
【作者单位】：上海市浦东新区疾病预防控制中心传染病防治与消毒管理科;
【基金】：浦东卫生局卫生科技项目(PW2011A-39)
【分类号】：R181.3

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