绍兴市麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎的流行特征及免疫策略研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 00:24

【摘要】：背景与目的麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎是三种由病毒引起的呼吸道传染病,起病急,传染性强,控制难度大。其中麻疹的发病率和死亡率随着计划免疫的实施曾大幅下降,浙江省1996～2000年麻疹的平均发病率降至6.25/10万,但近期又出现了抬头趋势,2004年浙江省麻疹报告发病率又回升到13.10/10万。与麻疹相比,风疹和流行性腮腺炎由于仍采用自愿接种的免疫策略,人群免疫水平低。2004年浙江省流行性腮腺炎报告发病率为47.79/10万,其爆发疫情占全省突发传染性疫情的20%,疫情形势严峻。风疹的发病率虽较低,但先天性风疹综合征(CRS)却是严重的公共卫生问题,据估计我国每年就有4万CRS。基于麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎具有相似的病原学、免疫学和流行病学特征,世界卫生组织(WHO)建议采用联合免疫的免疫策略,通过麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹联合疫苗(MMR联合疫苗)实现三种疾病共同防制。2002年北京MMR联合疫苗的问世,改变了我国MMR联合疫苗必须依靠进口的局面,进一步促进了将其纳入国家免疫规划的进程。本文就绍兴市近年来这三种疾病的流行特征以及需采取的免疫策略展开研究,并对北京MMR联合疫苗的初免效果进行探讨,以期为联合免疫初免月龄的确定提供科学依据。材料与方法病例资料来源于《法定传染病报告系统》(2004年后改称为《疾病监测信息报告管理系统》)、《突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统》、《麻疹监测系统》和《中
[Abstract]:Background & objective measles, rubella and mumps are three kinds of respiratory infectious diseases caused by virus. With the implementation of planned immunization, the incidence and mortality rate of measles had dropped significantly, and the average incidence of measles in Zhejiang Province from 1996 to 2000 had dropped to 6.25% / 100 000, but in the near future there was a rising trend. In 2004, the reported incidence of measles in Zhejiang Province rebounded to 13.10% of 100,000. Compared with measles, rubella and mumps are still immunized by voluntary vaccination, and the immunization level of the population is low. In 2004, the reported incidence of mumps in Zhejiang Province was 47. 79% / 100, 000. Its outbreak accounted for 20 epidemic outbreaks in the province, the epidemic situation is grim. Although the incidence of rubella is low, congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is a serious public health problem. It is estimated that there are 40 000 CRS. per year in China. Based on similar etiological, immunological and epidemiological characteristics of measles, rubella and mumps, WHO (WHO) recommends a combined immunization strategy. Through the measles, mumps and rubella combined vaccine (MMR combined vaccine), the joint prevention and control of three diseases is realized. The advent of Beijing MMR combined vaccine in 2002 has changed the situation that our country must rely on imported MMR combined vaccine. The process of integrating it into national immunization programmes was further facilitated. In this paper, the epidemic characteristics of these three diseases in Shaoxing city and the immunological strategies needed to be adopted are studied, and the primary immunological effect of Beijing MMR combined vaccine is discussed in order to provide scientific basis for the determination of the age of the first immunization in Shaoxing city. Materials and methods case data were obtained from the legal Infectious Disease reporting system (referred to as the Disease Surveillance Information report Management system after 2004), and the Emergency Public Health incident report Management Information system. Measles Surveillance system and < medium
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R181.3;R186

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