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2015年新建县948例入园儿童计划免疫效果评价

发布时间:2019-04-25 21:40
【摘要】:目的了解入园儿童接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)、脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)、百日咳、白喉、破伤风疫苗(以下简称"五防"疫苗)后抗体阳性率与疫苗"首针及时接种率、全程接种率、全程及时接种率"的吻合程度,评价儿童预防接种效果和免疫状况。方法选取2015年新建县长X地区新近入园的948例儿童作为研究对象,利用间接ELISA法检测血清标本中抗体阳性水平,通过查验儿童预防接种证收集预防接种信息,并进行比较分析。结果 948例入园儿童中,脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率均超过90%,乙肝抗体阳性率低于65%。除城镇儿童白喉、破伤风抗体阳性率显著高于农村(P0.05)外,性别、户籍、居住地对"五防"疫苗的抗体阳性率影响不大(P0.05)。全程接种乙肝、百白破三联疫苗的入园儿童乙肝、白喉、破伤风Ig G抗体阳性率显著高于未全程接种者(P0.05)。首针、全程是否及时接种"五防"疫苗对入园儿童这5种Ig G抗体阳性率的影响不大(P0.05)。结论 948例入园儿童脊灰、百日咳、白喉、破伤风免疫效果较好,而乙肝抗体阳性率相比较低。全程接种率相比首针及时接种率和全程及时接种率对评价儿童乙肝、白喉、破伤风疫苗免疫效果更有意义,值得关注并推广。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the positive rate of antibody against hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine and the first vaccination rate of the vaccine, and the whole course vaccination rate after vaccination of children in the garden with hepatitis B (HBV), poliomyelitis (polio), pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus (hereinafter referred to as "five prevention" vaccines). To evaluate the effect of vaccination and the immune status of children by the degree of coincidence of the whole course and timely vaccination rate. Methods A total of 948 children newly admitted to the garden in Xinjian County in 2015 were selected as the subjects. The antibody positive level in serum samples was detected by indirect ELISA method, and the vaccination information was collected through the examination of children's vaccination certificate, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results the positive rates of poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus antibody were more than 90% in 948 children. The positive rate of hepatitis B antibody was lower than 65%. Except for diphtheria in urban children, the positive rate of tetanus antibody was significantly higher than that in rural areas (P0.05). Gender, household registration and residence had little effect on the antibody positive rate of "five prevention" vaccine (P0.05). The positive rates of hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus Ig G antibody were significantly higher in the whole course of vaccination than in the non-vaccinated children (P0.05). For the first time, there was little effect on the positive rate of Ig-G antibody in the whole course of vaccination with "five-prevention" vaccine (P0.05). Conclusion 948 children with poliomyelitis, pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus have better immune effect, but the positive rate of hepatitis B antibody is lower. The full-course vaccination rate is more significant than the first vaccination rate and the full-length timely vaccination rate in evaluating the immune effect of hepatitis B, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine in children. It is worth paying attention to and popularizing.
【作者单位】: 南昌大学基础医学院免疫学教研室;南昌市新建区疾病预防控制中心;南昌市新建区妇幼保健院;
【基金】:江西省卫生计生委科技计划项目(编号:20166048)
【分类号】:R186

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