头位自然分娩中限制和非限制会阴切开的比较研究
发布时间:2018-01-22 00:17
本文关键词: 限制会阴切开 自然分娩 单胎 头位 足月 初产妇 出处:《兰州大学》2014年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:目的 研究在单胎头位足月初产的自然分娩中(正常体重儿和巨大儿)实施限制会阴切开(Restrictive Episiotomy, RE)对会阴裂伤率及切开率、新生儿窒息率、第二产程时间、产后2h失血量、42天盆底肌力以及会阴切开和自然裂伤对产妇在下床活动时间、会阴伤口疼痛、伤口肿胀及满意度方面的影响。 方法 第一部分选取2012.5-2012.7在甘肃省妇幼保健院自然分娩的初产妇543例及其新生儿作为观察组,采取两侧阴部神经阻滞麻醉、维生素AD滴剂润滑阴道和改进接产手法等方法实施RE。以2010.1-2010.4在甘肃省妇幼保健院自然分娩的初产妇500例及其新生儿为对照组,采用传统的接生方法,不限制会阴切开,将两组作回顾性病例对照分析。 两组孕妇年龄相当,观察组年龄26.78±3.73岁,对照组26.76±3.71岁;观察组身高162.59±3.09cm,对照组162.25±2.91cm;新生儿体重2500-4000g,观察组3363.34±290.29g,对照组为3377.97±250.07g;两组间孕妇年龄、身高和新生儿体重均没有差异(P0.05)。纳入标准:单胎头位、足月、自然分娩的初产妇及其新生儿;无较严重妊娠合并症、内外科并发症;无软硬产道的异常如会阴处有明显瘢痕、较重的外阴炎症、耻骨弓低等。 比较两组会阴裂伤率和切开率、新生儿窒息率(1分钟Apgar评分4-7分为轻度窒息,0-3分为重度窒息)、第二产程时间、产时产后2小时失血量(采用容积法和称重法)、采用阴道肌力表测定42天盆底肌力。 第二部分为观察RE用于巨大儿分娩的可行性和安全性,分别选取2010.1-2010.12和2012.1-2012.12自然分娩巨大儿(体重≥4000g)的初产妇及其新生儿74例和84例,分别作为对照组和观察组,对照分析产妇的会阴结局(会阴切开和会阴裂伤)、新生儿窒息率以及新生儿产伤(臂丛神经损伤、锁骨骨折等)发生率。两组孕妇年龄相当,对照组26.80±3.57岁,观察组26.04+3.90岁;对照组为163.12±2.65cm,观察组身高为163.88±2.95cm;新生儿体重4000-4200g,对照组4057.02±42.29g,观察组4056.90±46.39g;两组间孕妇的年龄、身高以及新生儿体重没有差异(P0.05)。纳入标准:单胎头位、足月、自然分娩的初产妇及其新生儿;无较严重妊娠合并症、内外科并发症;无软硬产道的异常如会阴处有明显瘢痕、较重的外阴炎症、耻骨弓低等。 第三部分收集2013.10~2013.12自然分娩的单胎头位初产妇600例,行会阴切开者192例(切开组),自然裂伤者408例(裂伤组),分别填写自制产妇调查表,观察两组下床活动时间、产后伤口疼痛及肿胀和患者满意度。 在这一时期内我院分娩中心主要助产人员构成无明显变化。 结果 1、正常体重儿观察组和对照组的会阴切开率、会阴完整率及Ⅰ°、Ⅱ°裂伤率分别为20.26%和71.20%(P0.05)、16.57%和4.40%(P0.05)、55.80%和20.00%(P0.05)、7.18%和4.20%(P0.05),会阴Ⅲ°裂伤率分别为0.18%和0.20%(P0.05),两组均未发生会阴Ⅳ°裂伤; 2、正常体重儿观察组和对照组的新生儿轻度窒息率分别为2.21%和2.20%(P0.05),且均未发生新生儿重度窒息; 3、正常体重儿观察组和对照组的第二产程时间分别为219.39±106.61min和223.18±113.41min (P0.05),产后2小时失血量分别为44.13+22.69ml和42.66+19.27ml(P0.05): 4、正常体重儿观察组和对照组盆底肌力测定一类肌纤维0-3级者为88.06%和83.02%(P0.05),二类肌纤维0-3级者为85.07%和81.60%(P0.05); 5、实施限制会阴切开分娩巨大儿的产妇(观察组)会阴切开率为53.57%,明显低于对照组的86.48%(P0.05),两组新生儿轻度窒息率分别为3.57%和2.70%(P0.05),均未发生新生儿重度窒息和新生儿产伤; 6、裂伤组和切开组的产妇满意度在90%及以上者分别为93.48%和77.08%(P0.05),下床活动时间4h者分别为79.13%和36.46%(P0.05),会阴伤口疼痛及伤口肿胀程度两组有差异(P0.05)。 结论 1、RE的实施,对第二产程、新生儿窒息率、产后2h失血量、42天盆底肌力等指标无明显不良影响,且并未增加会阴严重裂伤率,说明其是相对安全的; 2、RE使会阴切开率下降明显,相应提高了产妇的满意度,而且可使产妇早下床活动,会阴伤口疼痛和伤口肿胀明显减轻。
[Abstract]:Purpose The effects of limiting episiotomy ( RE ) on the rate and incision rate , neonatal asphyxia rate , second labor time , 2 h blood loss , 42 days pelvic floor muscle strength and episiotomy and natural cleavage were studied in the spontaneous delivery ( normal weight infants and huge infants ) born in the early part of the single fetal head . method In the first part , 543 patients and their newborns were selected in the maternal and child health care hospital in Gansu Province . The age , height and body weight of the pregnant women in the two groups were 162.59 卤 3.09cm , 162.25 卤 2.91 cm in the control group , 3363.34 卤 298.29g in the control group and 3377.97 卤 250.07 g in the control group . The rate of rupture and incision rate of the two groups were compared , the neonatal asphyxia rate ( 1 minute ' s score 4 - 7 was divided into mild asphyxia , 0 - 3 was divided into severe asphyxia ) , the second labor time was 2 hours after the birth , the blood loss was 2 hours postpartum ( using the volume method and the weighing method ) , and the pelvic floor muscle strength was measured by using the vaginal muscle strength meter . In the second part , we observed the feasibility and safety of RE for large infant delivery . In the control group and observation group , there were 74 cases and 84 cases of pregnant women with large infant ( 鈮,
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