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梯度可降解输尿管支架管的研制及动物实验研究

发布时间:2018-01-22 19:15

  本文关键词: 聚己内酯/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸 输尿管 支架 可降解 纳米结构 出处:《吉林大学》2014年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:传统输尿管支架管存在留置后需经膀胱镜取出、膀胱刺激症状、感染、血尿及结石形成等诸多弊端。随着可降解高分子材料在医学领域内的广泛应用,研究者们试图研究可降解输尿管支架管,但目前仍存在降解时间可控性差、材料表面粗糙、组织相容性不良及降解过程中支架管不均一降解致输尿管梗阻等问题。因此,支架管的基质材料的选择、加工工艺及降解模式的设计是目前该领域内需要解决的主要问题。目的: 评价一种新型可由远端向近端降解的输尿管支架管的微观结构、降解时间、力学性能及生物相容性,同时评价该支架管在猪模型中的引流效果及原位组织相容性。方法: 1.将聚己内酯(PCL)与聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)按一定的质量比(5%,10%,15%,20%,25%,30%)共溶解于三氯甲烷中,配成5%的溶液,采用单喷头电纺丝法制备PCL/PLGA输尿管支架管。拉伸仪对各种比例支架管的断裂强度进行检测。 2.体外降解研究:将5%,10%,15%三种质量比的支架管截成长约1cm小段,真空干燥,称重;分别浸于人尿液中并置于37℃恒温震荡器内,尿液每日更换一次,按浸泡时间分别于7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56天时取出3个平行样品。观察大体形态并测量残重。 3.在生物相容性研究中,MTT法进行体外细胞毒性检测,采用Hela细胞系,将25%PCL/PLGA支架管截成长约2mm小段,用含血清的细胞培养液作为浸提介质,浸提原液浓度为0.2g/ml,将浸提液用细胞培养液稀释成比例为1:2,1:4,1:8,1:16,1:32五种浓度,采用苯酚做阳性对照,细胞培养液做阴性对照,检测492nm吸光值。组织相容性研究中,将材料埋于兔脊背两侧肌肉内,用6F聚氨酯输尿管支架做为对照,分别于植入后1周、4周、12周处死动物,进行组织学观察。 4.动物实验研究:以15%及25%PCL/PLGA为原料,采用双喷头法制备可由远端向近端降解的输尿管支架。实验动物为长白猪,共10只,实验组6只,输尿管镜下植入可降解支架管;对照组4只,输尿管镜下植入聚氨酯支架。分别于支架植入后第2、4、6、8、10周进行血肌酐、尿液检测,同时行肾盂分泌造影检查评价支架管降解情况、肾脏积水及肾脏功能受损情况。10周后采用麻醉过量处死动物,取出肾脏、输尿管及膀胱,评价支架管的组织相容性。 结果: 1.支架呈白色,长度15~20cm,内径约1.5mm,外径约2.0mm,具有一定的韧性和记忆性,弯曲后不会折断。电镜扫描见支架管由直径不等的纤维丝构成,纤维直径约在60nm~1200nm之间。纤维丝无规则排列,相互交织成网状,,网孔直径约在50~180um之间。不同比例PCL/PLGA电镜下结构基本相近。拉伸性能检测结果,随着PCL比例的增加,支架管的断裂强度逐渐增大,且各种比例PCL/PLGA断裂强度的差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。 2.体外降解实验证实三种不同质量比PCL/PLGA支架管的降解曲线均近似直线,其中5%PCL/PLGA降解至第28天时崩解成小块;15%PCL/PLGA第42天时崩解成小块,而25%PCL/PLGA第56天时崩解成小块。 3.MTT结果:阴性对照组与各种浓度浸提液组及各种浓度浸提液组之间吸光度无明显差异(P0.05),但均显著高于阳性对照组(P0.05)。实验组中仅1:4组毒性为1级,其余各种比例毒性为0级,苯酚对照组毒性为4级。组织相容性研究显示:术后1周,材料与肌肉交界可见大量炎细胞浸润,并可见较多单核巨细胞,炎细胞厚度约1mm;术后4周,炎细胞明显减少,炎细胞厚度明显变薄,层数变少,仍可见单核巨细胞,交界面可见纤维化;12周时仅见少量炎细胞位于交界处,而纤维化程度较4周时无明显增加;对照组1周、4周时组织学表现与实验组相似,12周时肌肉组织与材料界面纤维化明显,纤维层较实验组厚。 4.动物实验结果:所有支架管植入顺利,位置良好,无输尿管穿孔、剥脱及严重出血等并发症。两组动物血清肌酐变化的差异无统计学意义(p0.05)。在尿液常规动态观察中,两组动物的尿PH值差异无统计学意义(p0.05),对照组尿液中白细胞在第8、10周显著高于实验组(p0.05)。术后2周支架管长度及显影强度未见明显变化;术后6周4例支架管降解长度近原长度二分之一;术后8周4例支架管完全降解,术后10周全部支架降解。对照组1例术后第10周出现支架管表面结石形成。肾盂分泌造影示术后2周实验组5例出现不同程度肾脏积水,至10周末支架降解后仅1例存在轻度肾脏积水,两组动物在第8周及10周积水评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组动物肾脏功能损害情况差异仅在第8周有统计学意义(P0.05)。支架植入10周后,动物处死后,剖开标本见肾盂内、输尿管管腔及膀胱内未见支架管碎块残留。实验组动物肾脏及输尿管组织学改变评分为0-1分,而对照组中有2例动物组织学评分分别为2、3分,对照组动物肾盂及输尿管上段组织学评分明显高于实验组(p0.05),而输尿管中、下段及膀胱组织学评分在两组动物间无显著差异(p0.05)。 结论: 电纺丝工艺可制备具有纳米结构的输尿管支架管,PCL/PLGA支架管具有较好的力学性能,且随PCL含量的增高支架管的断裂强度逐渐增强。不同比例PCL/PLGA支架管体外降解时间约4-10周,其中15%及25%PCL/PLGA两种支架管的降解时间分别为6和8周,可满足临床对输尿管支架管引流时间的需求;PCL/PLGA支架管未见细胞毒性,且具有较好的组织相容性;双喷头电纺丝工艺可制备由远端向近端降解的PCL/PLGA支架管,动物实验研究证实了PCL/PLGA支架管的可由远端向近端降解的降解模式,充分引流尿液,较少引起肾脏积水、肾功能改变及尿路上皮组织学改变,可用于替代传统输尿管支架管。
[Abstract]:The traditional ureteral stent indwelling presence only after cystoscopy removed, bladder irritation, infection, such problems as hematuria and stone formation. With the degradation of polymer materials can be widely used in medical field, researchers have tried to study the biodegradable ureteral stent, but there are still controllable degradation time difference, surface roughness bad, biocompatibility and degradation process in stent heterogeneous degradation of ureteral obstruction caused by such problems. Therefore, the matrix material stent selection, design process and degradation model is currently the main problems in this field need to be solved:
Objective to evaluate the microstructure, degradation time, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of a new ureteral stent which can be degraded from the distal to the proximal end, and to evaluate the drainage effect and in situ histocompatibility of the stent in pig model.
1. the polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) in the ratio (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) were dissolved in chloroform, with 5% of the solution, using a single nozzle electrospinning preparation of PCL/PLGA ureteral stents were detected. The fracture strength of tube the proportion of bracket tensile tester.
2. in vitro degradation research: 5%, 10%, 15% and three mass ratio of the stent cut growth of about 1cm pieces, vacuum drying, weighing; were immersed in human urine and placed in a constant temperature of 37 DEG C oscillator, the urine replaced once a day, according to the immersion time were 7,14,21,28,35,42,49,56 days out of 3 parallel samples. The morphology and measurement of the residual weight.
3. in the study on the biocompatibility and cell toxicity testing in vitro by MTT method, the Hela cell line, 25%PCL/PLGA stent cut growth of about 2mm pieces, was used as extraction medium with serum-free cell culture, leaching solution concentration is 0.2g/ml, the extract with cell culture medium dilution proportion is 1:2,1:4,1:8,1:16,1:32 five kinds of concentration, using phenol as positive control, negative control liquid of cultured cells, detection of 492nm absorbance. The tissue biocompatibility, the material is embedded in the back of rabbit muscle on both sides, with 6F polyurethane ureteral stent as control group, respectively at 1 weeks after implantation, 4 weeks, 12 weeks of animal. Histological observation.
4. animal experiment: 15% and 25%PCL/PLGA as raw materials, using double nozzle was prepared by the distal to the proximal ureteral stent degradation. The experimental animal for Landrace, a total of 10, experimental group 6, ureteroscopic implantation of biodegradable stent; the control group 4, ureteroscopic implantation of polyurethane stent. The blood creatinine, in stent implantation after 2,4,6,8,10 weeks respectively urine test, and pelvic secretion angiography in evaluating stent degradation, hydronephrosis and renal function damage after.10 weeks by anesthesia overdose killed animal, remove the kidney, ureter and bladder tissue, evaluation of stent biocompatibility.
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