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全胸腔镜体外循环下房室间隔缺损修补术与常规手术的比较研究

发布时间:2018-04-08 22:00

  本文选题:全胸腔镜手术 切入点:正中胸骨切开手术 出处:《河北医科大学》2014年硕士论文


【摘要】:二十一世纪越来越多的外科医生及患者倾向于行微创手术。应用电视胸腔镜为先天性心脏病患者提供了另一种可行的手术方式。应用电视胸腔镜的心脏外科手术在房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损及其他先天性心脏病患者中得以广泛应用。 全胸腔镜体外循环下的心脏外科手术(totally thoracoscopic surgery,TTS)为房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损等心脏手术提供了一种低损伤的手术方式。它既有优势又有缺陷。手术的成功实施要求体外循环、麻醉等手术设备的完备,手术者的技术过硬及术中突发情况处理的能力。 作为众多心脏微创手术方法之一,全胸腔镜体外循环下的心脏外科手术在缩短手术切口的同时,保证了手术质量。与传统胸部正中切口心脏直视手术相比较,全胸腔镜体外循环下的心脏手术切口小、创伤轻,电视胸腔镜提供了更加清晰的图片、开阔的视野、更加简便的记录及播放方式,更加重要的是它有着与之相同的手术效果。但是,这同时给手术者在手眼协调操作方面提出了更高的要求。电视胸腔镜的缺陷之一便是只能提供二维的图像。 自2012年6月以来,我医院心脏外科已经成功为12名房间隔缺损及室间隔缺损患者实施了全胸腔镜体外循环下的房室间隔缺损修补手术,并取得了良好的手术效果。在此研究中,对这些患者进行了分析及经验总结。 目的:通过对全胸腔镜体外循环下的心脏房室间隔缺损修补术与传统正中胸骨切开的心脏房室间隔缺损修补术在手术相关时间、术后临床指标、体外循环转流中各项指标结果的比较,明确全胸腔镜体外循环下的房室间隔缺损修补术的可行性、安全性及优缺点。 方法:右侧胸壁打孔行全胸腔镜体外循环下的心脏房室间隔缺损修补术12例为胸腔镜手术组(TTS组),采用经股血管插管建立体外循环;同时期传统正中胸骨切开、体外循环、心脏停跳条件下心脏房室间隔缺损修补术13例为正中胸骨切开手术组(MS组),采用经主动脉、上腔静脉、下腔静脉插管建立体外循环。分析比较两组患者手术时间(min)、术后清醒所用时间(min)、术后呼吸机辅助时间(min)、返回病房所用天数、术后住院天数、术后24小时引流量(ml)、术后库血用量(ml)、术后应用吗啡类止痛药物的频次[例(%)]、术后抗生素应用天数、体外循环时间(min)、主动脉阻断时间(min)、术中平均最低鼻温(℃)、术中尿量(ml)、术中灌注流量(ml/m2/min)、术中平均灌注压(kPa)、心脏自动复跳例数等。 结果:TTS组患者的平均年龄为31.08±12.14岁,平均体重为59.29±15.07千克,其中包括房间隔缺损患者11例,室间隔缺损患者1例。MS组患者的平均年龄为27.77±12.67岁,平均体重为48.42±13.91千克,13名患者均为房间隔缺损。 在TTS手术组患者中,手术时间为302.50±42.82分钟,,术后呼吸机辅助时间为343.33±274.97分钟,术后清醒所用时间为150.00±65.88分钟,术后患者由重症监护室返回普通病房的时间为1.50±0.60天,术后住院天数为7.58±1.62天。在MS手术组患者中,手术时间为260.00±49.49分钟,术后清醒所用时间为90.00±58.66分钟,术后呼吸机辅助时间为349.23±191.50分钟,术后患者由重症监护室返回普通病房的时间为1.92±3.44天,术后住院天数为9.69±2.25天。 在TTS手术组中,患者的体外循环时间为87.50±20.96分钟,术后应用吗啡类止痛药物的频率为17%,术后24小时引流量为111.33±86.86毫升,术后库血用量为400.00±147.70毫升,术中主动脉阻断时间为32.00±9.83分钟,术中最低鼻温为28.29±2.66摄氏度,术中尿量为791.66±487.03毫升,术中灌注流量为69.58±14.84ml/m2/min,术中灌注压为9.41±1.38千帕,12例患者术中心脏均自动复跳。在MS手术组中,患者的体外循环时间为54.00±10.77分钟,术后应用吗啡类止痛药物的频率为42%,术后24小时引流量为228.46±105.74毫升,术后库血用量为692.30±446.20毫升,术中主动脉阻断时间为24.46±16.16分钟,术中最低鼻温为30.23±1.09摄氏度,术中尿量为719.23±399.75毫升,术中灌注流量为83.08±10.32ml/m2/min,术中灌注压为9.62±1.98千帕,13例患者术中心脏均自动复跳。 两组均无手术死亡,均顺利出院。TTS手术组较MS手术组在术后呼吸机辅助时间、术后抗生素应用天数、主动脉阻断时间上无明显统计学差异(P>0.05);而TTS手术组手术时间、术后清醒所需时间较长(P<0.05),返回病房所用时间、术后住院时间较短(P<0.05),术后24小时引流量、术后库血用量较少(P<0.05),术后吗啡类止痛药物的应用频次较少(P<0.05),体外循环转流时间较长(P<0.05),开放升主动脉后两组患者心脏均能够自动复跳。 结论:全胸腔镜体外循环下的心脏房室间隔缺损修补术虽然在手术时间、术后清醒所用时间、体外循环转流时间上较常规正中胸骨切开手术组长,但其手术切口小、术后恢复快、疼痛轻、输血量少、吗啡类止痛药物用量少,此种手术方法安全可行。
[Abstract]:More and more surgeons and patients tend to be minimally invasive in the twenty - first century . The application of video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery in patients with congenital heart disease provides another possible way of surgery . Cardiac surgery using video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery is widely used in atrial septal defects , ventricular septal defects and other congenital heart disease .

Total thoracoscopic surgery ( TTS ) provides a low - injury surgical approach for cardiac surgery such as atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect . It has both advantages and disadvantages . The successful implementation of the operation requires the complete operation of surgical equipment such as extracorporeal circulation , anesthesia and the like , and the skill of the operator and the ability of the operation during operation .

As one of the methods of minimally invasive operation of cardiac surgery , the operation of cardiac surgery under the open - heart surgery of the thoracoscopic surgery is to shorten the operation incision and ensure the quality of operation . Compared with the conventional open heart surgery of the chest , the operation incision is small and the trauma is light . The video - assisted thoracoscopic surgery provides a clearer picture , a wide field of view , a more convenient recording and playing mode , and more importantly , it has the same operation effect as it .

Since June 2012 , the cardiac surgery in our hospital has been successfully implemented for 12 patients with atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect , and has achieved good surgical results . In this study , these patients have been analyzed and summarized .

Objective : To compare the feasibility , safety and advantages and disadvantages of the repair of ventricular septal defect under thoracoscopic cardiopulmonary bypass by comparing the operative time , postoperative clinical index , and cardiopulmonary bypass flow in the repair of the ventricular septal defect of the atrium under the cardiopulmonary bypass of the thoracoscopic surgery .

Methods : 12 cases underwent thoracoscopic surgery group ( TTS group ) by thoracoscopic surgery under thoracoscopic cardiopulmonary bypass ( thoracoscopic surgery ) , and cardiopulmonary bypass was established with femoral vascular cannula .
The operative time ( min ) , the time ( min ) after operation , the time of postoperative ventilator ( ml ) , the time of postoperative antibiotic use ( ml ) , the time of postoperative hospital stay ( ml ) , the time of operation ( ml ) , the mean lowest nasal temperature ( 鈩

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