外周输入和离心调控对嗅觉系统功能活动的影响

发布时间：2018-04-19 21:13

本文选题：嗅觉 + 外周输入　；参考：《中国科学院研究生院（武汉物理与数学研究所）》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：嗅觉系统是我们最为熟悉的感觉系统之一,它在动物(包括人)的生存和发展中具有重要作用。此外,嗅觉系统是大脑中唯一不经过丘脑换元就直接投射到大脑皮层的感觉系统,它为我们研究大脑的功能活动提供了一个独特的模型。嗅觉系统的功能活动受到外周输入和离心调控的影响。一方面,嗅觉系统接受嗅觉信息的输入,它的基本功能就是及时准确地反映外周气味环境的变化,气味的物化性质和刺激方位等因素都能影响嗅觉系统的功能活动。另一方面,嗅觉系统接受大量来自高级中枢的离心纤维反馈投射和调制投射,离心调控作用的变化也会对嗅觉系统的功能活动产生影响。本研究主要采用活体电生理记录、动物行为训练和神经环路示踪的方法,旨在探讨在不同脑状态或气味方位条件下,嗅觉系统如何对气味刺激进行编码和处理。具体研究内容包括以下两个方面： (1)本研究通过气味刺激、戊巴比妥钠麻醉和Go/No-go气味辨别训练改变清醒小鼠的脑状态,探讨外周输入和离心调控对同侧的嗅球(olfactory bulb,OB)和前梨状皮层(anterior piriform cortex, aPC)之间β振荡同步性的影响。研究结果表明：增加外周输入和离心调控引起OB和aPC之间p振荡同步性的升高；减弱离心调控引起OB和aPC之间p振荡同步性的降低；特别的是,Go/No-go气味辨别训练对OB和aPC之间p振荡同步性的影响与气味的意义有关。研究结果提示,嗅觉系统的功能活动受外周感觉输入和离心调控的共同作用,嗅觉系统中的p振荡活动是可塑性的网络现象。 (2)本研究通过控制到达啮齿动物两侧鼻腔的气味浓度来探讨OB在嗅觉方位识别中的作用。结果表明：嗅球中大多数对气味刺激有反应的僧帽／丛状细胞对气味刺激的响应具有方位选择性；而对侧气味的存在不仅可能强化OB中僧帽／丛状细胞的气味反应强度,也可能抑制气味反应强度。另外,本研究通过神经环路示踪实验来揭示两侧嗅球之间的神经连接情况,结果显示：一侧OB明显受到另一侧OB的神经投射。以上研究结果提示,OB具有编码气味空间信息的能力。
[Abstract]:Olfactory system is one of the most familiar sensory systems, which plays an important role in the survival and development of animals (including humans). In addition, the olfactory system is the only sensory system in the brain that projects directly to the cerebral cortex without the thalamus changing elements, which provides a unique model for us to study the functional activities of the brain. The function of olfactory system is affected by peripheral input and centrifugal regulation. On the one hand, the olfactory system receives the input of olfactory information, and its basic function is to reflect the changes of the peripheral smell environment in time and accurately. The physical and chemical properties of the smell and the stimulating orientation can all affect the functional activities of the olfactory system. On the other hand, the olfactory system receives a large number of centrifugal fiber feedback projection and modulation projection from the higher central nervous system. The changes of centrifugal regulation also affect the function of olfactory system. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the olfactory system encodes and processes odour stimuli under different brain states or odour orientations by means of in vivo electrophysiological recording animal behavior training and neural loop tracing. The specific research includes the following two aspects: In this study, the brain state of conscious mice was changed by odor stimulation, pentobarbital anaesthesia and Go/No-go odor discrimination training. To investigate the effect of peripheral input and centrifugal regulation on the synchronism of 尾 oscillation between olfactory OB (ipsilateral olfactory) and anterior piriform cortexes (APCs) of the anterior Pyriform cortex (APC). The results show that increasing peripheral input and centrifugal regulation increases the synchronicity of p oscillation between OB and aPC, weakens the synchronization of p oscillation between OB and aPC induced by centrifugal regulation, and decreases the synchronicity of p oscillation between OB and aPC. In particular, the effect of Go-No-go odour discrimination training on the p oscillation synchronization between OB and aPC is related to the significance of odor. The results suggest that the functional activity of olfactory system is affected by peripheral sensory input and centrifugal regulation, and the p oscillation in olfactory system is a plastic network phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to study the role of OB in olfactory orientation recognition by controlling the odour concentration in the nasal cavity of rodents. The results showed that most of the mitral / plexiform cells in olfactory bulb had azimuthal selectivity to odour stimulation, while the presence of contralateral odors could not only enhance the intensity of odour response of mitral / plexiform cells in OB. It may also inhibit the intensity of the odor reaction. In addition, the neural connections between the olfactory bulb and the olfactory bulb were revealed by the neural loop tracing experiment. The results showed that one side of OB was obviously projected by the other side of the OB. These results suggest that OB has the ability to encode odor spatial information.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（武汉物理与数学研究所）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：Q434

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