鲫鱼和中国对虾的无水保活及冰温保鲜技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 20:31

本文选题：鲫鱼 + 中国对虾　；参考：《浙江大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：水产品由于其低脂肪、高蛋白的特点,已成为合理膳食营养结构中不可替代的组分,随着人们生活水平的提高,鲜活水产品越来越受到人们的青睐。近年来,开发高效的水产品保活保鲜技术研究已经成为人们关注的焦点。本文探索了丁香酚麻醉对于鲫鱼无水保活的可行性,并测定了鲫鱼无水保活前后的品质变化和生化特性。丁香酚麻醉的鲫鱼装袋充入90%的氧气放在8℃、相对湿度95%-100%的环境下可无水保活38h,随后转入清水中可完全复活。保活前后持水性没有明显的变化,休眠下的鲫鱼TVB-N值、TBA值明显高于鲜活的鲫鱼。休眠过程中血清皮质醇浓度、GOT、AKP、ACP活性明显升高,但是复活后会立即下降,回到正常水平。实验证明,丁香酚麻醉无水保活鲫鱼的肌肉品质并不会受到影响,麻醉时产生的胁迫在复活后会立即消失。鱼虾类冷血动物都有一个固定的生态冰温,在生态冰温区内,采用适当的降温,可使鱼虾处于假死的休眠状态,随后进行保活运输。鲫鱼在低温休眠状态下,血清中皮质醇浓度、溶菌酶活力和GOT活性显著上升,苏醒后恢复到正常状态。血清AKP活性在休眠状态下下降,苏醒后立即上升,而低温不会影响GPT和ACP的活性。结果表明低温无水保活下鲫鱼受到了应激胁迫,并做出了相应的胁迫响应,当放入清水中复活后,这种胁迫响应就会解除,恢复到正常状态。低温可能造成鲫鱼肝细胞的损伤和免疫能力的下降,但是,在放入清水中复活后,这种伤害会立即消失。经过低温休眠、复活后的鲫鱼与鲜活的鲫鱼状态一致。鲫鱼经低温无水保活后,血清过氧化氢含量先下降再上升,超氧阴离子产生速率没有明显的变化。休眠状态下SOD、CAT和POD活性均明显地上升,复活后CAT活性下降,而SOD和POD活性没有变化。GSH-Px活性一直没有明显的差异。低温休眠下鲫鱼血清中SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的基因表达量均显著上升,放入清水中苏醒后,SOD和GSH-Px的基因表达量显著性降低,而CAT的表达量并没有明显差异。实验证明,鲫鱼在低温诱导休眠的过程中,体内的抗氧化防御系统被激活,这可能是其应对抗冷休克的主要机制,需要大量抗氧化酶表达来调整体内的动态平衡。低温无水保活对鲫鱼的代谢水平也具有一定的影响。低温休眠下鲫鱼血液葡萄糖和乳酸浓度均有所升高,苏醒后恢复到正常状态。从新鲜到休眠再到复活后,LDH活性先降低后升高；而PK活性的变化趋势正好相反；HK活性一直呈现上升的趋势；PFK活性并没有显著性变化。结果表明低温降低鲫鱼的呼吸频率,对机体的供氧不足,体内组织转换为无氧代谢。在低温无水条件下保活38h,将鲫鱼放入清水中苏醒后,鲫鱼开始正常呼吸,各个指标逐渐恢复到新鲜水平,体内重新进行有氧代谢。利用蛋白质组学技术筛选中国对虾在无水保活过程出现的差异蛋白并探讨其作用机制。通过双向电泳技术,每张凝胶图谱上大约有380-430个蛋白点被分离,其中,14个差异蛋白点被切取进行酶解和MALDI-TOF-MS分析。11个蛋白点被成功地鉴定,包括血蓝蛋白、血淋巴凝固蛋白、肌球蛋白轻链和基质钙结合蛋白。血蓝蛋白下调,血淋巴凝固蛋白和肌球蛋白轻链上调的共同作用使得对虾在低温下进入休眠状态并在无水条件下保持存活,而且,基质钙结合蛋白的上调使得对虾能够在温水中苏醒。本研究为对虾的低温无水保活提供了理论基础。 5%NaCl+5%CaCl2+2.5%山梨醇复配的冰点调节剂处理鲜活的中国对虾能有效地降低冰点,并抑制细菌的生长繁殖。冰点降低的对虾放在-2.0±0.2℃贮藏其肌肉的微观结构与新鲜的相比并没有什么变化,而对照组对虾肌肉内生成大量冰晶。以细菌总数、TVB-N值、TMA-N值和感官评定为指标,对虾冰点从-1.3℃降低到-2.5℃后放在-2.0±0.2℃贮藏,货架期可延长2天,同时具有较高的持水性、盐溶性蛋白含量和Ca2+-ATP激酶活性。实验证明,控制冰温贮藏具有很好的应用前景,即可保持对虾原有的鲜度,又可延长其货架期。
[Abstract]:Due to its low fat and high protein, aquatic products have become an irreplaceable component in the rational dietary structure. With the improvement of people's living standards, fresh aquatic products are becoming more and more popular. In recent years, the research on the development of efficient aquatic product preservation technology has become the focus of attention.
In this paper, the feasibility of anaesthesia for Carassius carassius was explored and the quality and biochemical characteristics of Carassius auratus before and after the anhydrous preservation of Carassius auratus were measured. The Carassius auratus anaesthetized carp was filled with 90% oxygen at 8, and the relative humidity of 95%-100% could live 38h without water, and it could be completely resurrected with the water in the water. The TVB-N value of Carassius auratus under dormancy was significantly higher than that of fresh crucian carp. The serum cortisol concentration, GOT, AKP, ACP activity in the dormancy process increased obviously, but it would drop immediately after the resurrection, and returned to the normal level. The experiment proved that the muscle quality of the Carassius auratus was not affected by the anaesthesia of eugenol anaesthesia, and the production of the Carassius carassius was produced in the anaesthesia. The stress of birth will disappear immediately after the resurrection.
Fish and shrimp cold-blooded animals have a fixed ecological ice temperature. In the ecological ice temperature area, proper cooling can make fish and shrimps in the dormant state of death, and then carry on the living and transportation. In the low temperature dormancy state, the concentration of cortisol, the activity of lysozyme and the activity of GOT in the serum, and the recovery to the normal state after the awakening. The serum AK The activity of P decreased in the dormancy state and rose immediately after awakening, and the low temperature did not affect the activity of GPT and ACP. The results showed that the crucian carp was subjected to stress stress under the low temperature and water conservation, and made the corresponding stress response. After the resurrection in water, the stress response would be removed and returned to normal. The damage of the cells and the decrease of immune ability, but after the resurrection in water, the injury will disappear immediately. After the low temperature dormancy, the crucian carp after the resurrection is in accordance with the living crucian carp.
After the Carassius auratus was kept alive at low temperature, the content of serum hydrogen peroxide decreased first and then increased, and the rate of superoxide anion production had no obvious change. The activity of SOD, CAT and POD increased obviously in dormancy, and the activity of CAT decreased after the resurrection, while the activity of SOD and POD did not change the.GSH-Px activity. The gene expression of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increased significantly, and the gene expression of SOD and GSH-Px decreased significantly, and there was no significant difference in the expression of CAT. The experiment proved that the antioxidant defense system in the crucian carp was activated in the process of low temperature induced dormancy, which may be the main resistance to cold shock. The mechanism requires a large number of antioxidant enzymes to regulate the homeostasis in vivo.
At low temperature, the concentration of glucose and lactic acid in the blood of crucian carp increased and recovered to the normal state after the low temperature dormancy. From fresh to dormant to resurrection, the activity of LDH first decreased and then increased; and the change trend of PK activity was just the opposite; the activity of HK had been rising. The results showed that there was no significant change in the activity of PFK. The results showed that the respiration rate of Carassius auratus was reduced at low temperature, the oxygen supply to the body was insufficient and the tissues of the body were converted into anaerobic metabolism in the body. The 38h was preserved under the condition of low temperature and water. After the Carassius auratus was put into clear water, the crucian carp began to breathe normally, and the indexes gradually recovered to the fresh level, and the body was re carried out in the body. Aerobic metabolism.
The proteomics technology was used to screen the differential proteins of Chinese Penaeus chinensis in the process of water free preservation. Through two-dimensional electrophoresis, about 380-430 protein points were separated on each gel map. Among them, 14 differential proteins were identified by enzymolysis and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, and.11 protein points were identified successfully. It includes hemocyanin, hemolymph coagulating protein, myosin light chain and matrix calcium binding protein. Down regulation of hemocyanin and up regulation of hemolymph coagulin and myosin light chain make shrimp enter dormant state at low temperature and keep alive under anhydrous condition, and the up regulation of matrix calcium binding protein makes prawns able. This study provides a theoretical basis for the preservation of penaeid shrimp at low temperature and without water.
The ice point regulator of 5%NaCl+5%CaCl2+2.5% sorbitol compound can effectively reduce the freezing point and inhibit the growth and reproduction of the bacteria. The microstructures of the shrimps lowered by the freezing point at -2.0 + 0.2 C are not changed compared with the fresh ones, and a large number of ice crystals are produced in the muscles of the shrimp. The total number, TVB-N value, TMA-N value and sensory evaluation were the indexes. The freezing point of shrimp was lowered from -1.3 to -2.5 C and stored at -2.0 0.2 C. The shelf life could be extended for 2 days, while the water holding capacity, salt soluble protein content and Ca2+-ATP kinase activity were higher. The experiment proved that the control of ice temperature storage had a good application prospect and could keep the original shrimp. The freshness can also extend its shelf life.

【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TS254.4

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