P2X7受体在ERβ介导的改善大鼠炎症性肠病(IBD)作用中的机制研究
发布时间:2018-07-15 10:42
【摘要】:【目的】 炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease, IBD)是一种多种病因引起的、异常免疫介导的肠道慢性及复发性炎症,有终生复发倾向,溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)和克罗恩病(Crohn disease, CD)是其主要疾病类型[1]。近年来,我国炎症性肠病的发病率呈现逐年升高的趋势,其发病机制可能是由多种因素相互作用所致,包括环境、遗传、感染和免疫等[1]。患者主要表现为反复发作的腹泻、腹痛,体重下降以及血便等,但是,临床上还没有彻底的根治策略[1]。因此,如何根治IBD成为现下亟待解决的医学问题,迫切需要更多的基础研究来探索其发病机制,从而找到一种新颖的治疗方案,彻底改善患者的生活质量。 近年来的研究发现,在结肠炎期间,选择性激活雌激素受体β(ERβ)可以显著减轻小鼠的症状,然而通过基因敲除的方法降低雌激素受体β的表达则会使结肠炎的症状进一步恶化,因此提示,雌激素受体β激活可以在IBD模型中发挥抗炎抗伤害性感受的作用[2-4]。除此之外,研究还发现,在AOM或DSS诱导的结肠癌模型中,激活雌激素受体β还可以发挥抗肿瘤作用[5-7]。尽管雌激素受体β激活已经在结肠炎及与结肠相关的各种癌症中发挥出了显著的治疗作用,但是其发挥作用的机制仍不完全清楚,需要进一步的研究。 另一方面,与IBD的发生发展密切相关的还有一类重要的蛋白,即P2受体。近年来,许多研究证实,P2X受体的一种亚型——P2X7受体在IBD中起到了至关重要的作用。在IBD的进展中,结直肠P2X7受体的表达显著增高。这不仅可以诱导一些免疫细胞,如肥大细胞、巨噬细胞、辅助性T细胞等,释放大量的炎性介质,主要包括白介素类,白三烯类,以及TNF-α等[8-11];还可以直接造成结直肠神经元的的损伤及死亡,从而加速结直肠炎的恶化[12]。 为了进一步研究在IBD发生发展过程中,雌激素与P2X受体表达与功能之间的关系,本课题主要应用动物行为学、Western Blot、Elisa及免疫组织化学等方法,研究了在IBD中,雌激素受体β激活发挥的作用,重点探讨其与P2X7受体之间的关系。 【方法】 (一)大鼠结肠炎模型的建立 实验性结直肠炎通过结直肠内注射30%的三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)乙醇溶液(40mg/kg)进行诱导。大鼠在轻度戊巴比妥钠(2%,2mg/kg)麻醉状态下,将一根直径为6-Fr的塑料软管经肛门置入大鼠结直肠内,至软管前端距肛门为8cm处注入TNBS乙醇溶液。通过对大鼠体重、DAI评分、结直肠HE染色及结直肠MPO值的监测,评估大鼠结直肠炎的严重程度。在注射TNBS乙醇溶液或生理盐水后的第三天或第四天,分别给予不同组大鼠皮下注射生理盐水、PPT、BBG、DPN及ERB-041,连续注射4天。 (二)组织学实验 取大鼠远端致炎结肠,在生理盐水中清洗干净后分别置于4%的多聚甲醛溶液中进行固定24-48小时,然后放入30%的蔗糖溶液中进行脱水,直至沉入容器底部,进行冰冻切片时取出。根据伊红-苏木精染色试剂盒说明书中的步骤,对组织切片进行染色,显微镜下观察拍照。 (三)Western Blotting 动物处死后,分别取结直肠和DRG,高速匀浆后离心所得上清即为蛋白提取液。应用BCA方法测定总蛋白浓度。分别配制10%的分离胶和4%的浓缩胶,经电泳(恒压100V,100分钟)、转膜(恒流300mA,90分钟)、脱脂奶粉溶液封闭后,4℃中孵育一抗(P2X7抗体、雌激素受体β抗体、β-actin抗体)过夜。TBST快速洗膜,孵育相应二抗(室温,1小时),再次洗膜。最终,显影拍照,并计算灰度值。 (四)ERβ mRNA质粒的构建及慢病毒转染 首先,根据雌激素受体β的序列(基因ID:25149)合成基因,然后,将上述合成的基因序列插入到质粒中,进行基因测序。将高纯度的重组质粒和慢病毒表达载体(LV-5-EF1a-GFP/Puro,带有绿色荧光蛋白的慢病毒载体)共同转染到293T细胞中,进行病毒包装和生产,提取病毒液,进而浓缩和纯化。用高质量的病毒液感染293T细胞,通过定量PCR精确测定病毒滴度,用于进一步的实验。在注射TNBS乙醇溶液的前一天,用100ul的微量注射器将空白对照病毒(20ul)或含有ERβ的重组慢病毒(20ul)经腹腔直接注射到大鼠结直肠壁中。 (五)结直肠MPO及炎性因子浓度的测定 将标准品或待测样品分别加入48孔板中,每孔加入100ul,经过洗板、加蒸馏水和一抗工作液、洗板、加酶标抗体工作液、洗板、加底物工作液及终止液后,在酶标仪中测出450nm处的吸光值,并作图分析。根据样品OD值计算出MPO及各种炎性因子的含量。 (六)免疫组织化学 大鼠深度麻醉后,灌注生理盐水将大鼠体内血液排净,再注入相同量的4%多聚甲醛溶液对大鼠组织进行固定,迅速取出结直肠,放置入新鲜的4%多聚甲醛溶液中再固定24-48小时,清洗后放置于30%的蔗糖溶液中,直至组织沉底。制作10um厚的冰冻切片,经过洗片、抗原暴露、洗片、BSA封闭、洗片、孵育一抗(P2X7抗体、雌激素受体β抗体、Macrophage抗体)、洗片、孵育二抗、洗片等步骤后,封片拍照。 【结果】 1、与生理盐水对照组相比,TNBS灌肠诱导结直肠炎的大鼠体重显著降低,DAI评分显著增高,髓过氧化物酶(MPO)浓度显著升高,HE染色显示结直肠肠壁结构紊乱,内膜充血水肿,甚至缺失。Western Blot结果显示,与对照组相比,致炎组大鼠结直肠与DRG神经元中ERβ受体表达显著降低;而结直肠中P2X7受体表达显著增加,DRG神经元中无明显改变。Elisa结果显示,致炎大鼠结直肠中的炎性因子,如TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6,显著升高,而IL-10无明显改变。 2、当应用P2X7受体特异性拮抗剂BBG后,致炎大鼠的体重明显恢复,DAI评分显著降低,HE染色所示结直肠炎症反应明显减轻。 3、当应用ERα受体特异性激动剂PPT后,致炎大鼠体重降低更加明显,DAI评分增加也更为显著,HE染色所示结直肠炎症反应也明显加重。 4、当应用含有ERβ受体的重组慢病毒后,致炎大鼠的体重明显恢复,DAI评分显著降低,HE染色所示结直肠炎症反应明显改善。Western Blot结果显示,应用含有ERβ受体的重组慢病毒可以使致炎大鼠结直肠组织中的P2X7受体表达显著降低,而DRG神经元中的P2X7受体表达无明显改变。 5、当应用ERβ受体特异性拮抗剂DPN和ERB-041后,致炎大鼠的体重明显恢复,DAI评分显著降低,HE染色所示结直肠炎症反应明显改善。Western Blot结果显示,应用DPN和ERB-041可以使致炎大鼠结直肠组织中的P2X7受体表达显著降低,而DRG神经元中的P2X7受体表达则无明显改变。Elisa结果显示,应用DPN和ERB-041可以使致炎大鼠结直肠中的炎性介质,如MPO、TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6,显著降低,而IL-10无明显改变。 6、结直肠组织中存在ERβ受体和P2X7受体的共表达,并且这种共表达存在于结直肠组织的巨噬细胞中。 【结论】 1、TNBS灌肠成功诱导大鼠产生结直肠炎。 2、P2X7受体参与了炎症性肠病(IBD)的发生发展过程,,抑制P2X7受体功能可以在IBD中发挥治疗作用。 3、ERα受体参与了IBD的发生发展过程,ERα受体激活显著加强IBD的肠道炎症反应。 4、ERβ受体激活或过表达对IBD的肠道炎症反应具有显著的治疗作用。这种作用可能通过降低结直肠中P2X7受体的表达,进而减轻炎性介质的释放而完成。
[Abstract]:Purpose of the project
Inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) is a cause of multiple etiologies , abnormal immune - mediated intestinal chronic and recurrent inflammation , recurrent tendency , ulcerative colitis ( UC ) , and Crohn ' s disease ( CD ) are their major disease types . In recent years , the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in China has been increasing year by year . Its pathogenesis may be caused by multiple factors , including environment , inheritance , infection and immunity . The patient mainly manifested as recurrent episodes of diarrhea , abdominal pain , loss of body weight , and bloody stool , but there was no radical cure strategy in clinic . Therefore , how to cure IBD has become an urgent medical problem , and there is an urgent need for more basic research to explore its pathogenesis , so as to find a novel treatment scheme to improve the quality of life of patients .
In recent years , it has been found that selective activation of estrogen receptor 尾 ( ER尾 ) during colitis can significantly reduce the symptoms of mice . However , it is suggested that estrogen receptor 尾 activation can play an anti - inflammatory and anti - inflammatory effect in IBD model . In addition , it is suggested that estrogen receptor 尾 activation can play an anti - inflammatory and anti - inflammatory effect in IBD model .
On the other hand , there are important proteins , namely P2 receptors , which are closely related to the development of IBD . In recent years , a number of studies have shown that a subtype of P2X receptors plays a crucial role in IBD . In the progression of IBD , the expression of the colorectal P2x7 receptor is significantly increased . This can not only induce some immune cells , such as mast cells , macrophages , helper T cells , and the like , and release a large amount of inflammatory mediators , including interleukin , leukotrienes , and TNF - 伪 , etc .
It can also directly cause damage and death of colorectal neurons , thus speeding up the deterioration of colitis .
In order to further study the relationship between estrogen and P2X receptor expression and function during the development of IBD , this study focused on the role of estrogen receptor 尾 activation in IBD , and focused on the relationship between estrogen receptor 尾 activation in IBD .
Methodology
( 1 ) Establishment of rat colitis model
The rats were anesthetized with 30 % trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS ) ethanol solution ( 40 mg / kg ) . The rats were anesthetized with mild sodium opental ( 2 % , 2 mg / kg ) .
( II ) Histological experiment
taking rat far - end inflammatory colon , cleaning in physiological saline , respectively placing in 4 % polyformaldehyde solution for fixing for 24 - 48 hours , then adding 30 % sucrose solution for dehydration until it sinks into the bottom of the container , and taking out the frozen section ; and performing staining on the tissue section according to the steps in the instruction of the eosin - threonine essence staining kit , and observing and taking pictures under a microscope .
( III ) Western Blotting
The total protein concentration was determined by the BCA method . The total protein concentration was determined by BCA method . The total protein concentration was determined by BCA method . After electrophoresis ( constant voltage 100mA , 100 min ) , membrane ( constant flow 300mA , 90 min ) , the membrane was incubated overnight ( constant current 300mA , 90 min ) , and the membrane was washed again at 4 鈩
本文编号:2123800
[Abstract]:Purpose of the project
Inflammatory bowel disease ( IBD ) is a cause of multiple etiologies , abnormal immune - mediated intestinal chronic and recurrent inflammation , recurrent tendency , ulcerative colitis ( UC ) , and Crohn ' s disease ( CD ) are their major disease types . In recent years , the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in China has been increasing year by year . Its pathogenesis may be caused by multiple factors , including environment , inheritance , infection and immunity . The patient mainly manifested as recurrent episodes of diarrhea , abdominal pain , loss of body weight , and bloody stool , but there was no radical cure strategy in clinic . Therefore , how to cure IBD has become an urgent medical problem , and there is an urgent need for more basic research to explore its pathogenesis , so as to find a novel treatment scheme to improve the quality of life of patients .
In recent years , it has been found that selective activation of estrogen receptor 尾 ( ER尾 ) during colitis can significantly reduce the symptoms of mice . However , it is suggested that estrogen receptor 尾 activation can play an anti - inflammatory and anti - inflammatory effect in IBD model . In addition , it is suggested that estrogen receptor 尾 activation can play an anti - inflammatory and anti - inflammatory effect in IBD model .
On the other hand , there are important proteins , namely P2 receptors , which are closely related to the development of IBD . In recent years , a number of studies have shown that a subtype of P2X receptors plays a crucial role in IBD . In the progression of IBD , the expression of the colorectal P2x7 receptor is significantly increased . This can not only induce some immune cells , such as mast cells , macrophages , helper T cells , and the like , and release a large amount of inflammatory mediators , including interleukin , leukotrienes , and TNF - 伪 , etc .
It can also directly cause damage and death of colorectal neurons , thus speeding up the deterioration of colitis .
In order to further study the relationship between estrogen and P2X receptor expression and function during the development of IBD , this study focused on the role of estrogen receptor 尾 activation in IBD , and focused on the relationship between estrogen receptor 尾 activation in IBD .
Methodology
( 1 ) Establishment of rat colitis model
The rats were anesthetized with 30 % trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid ( TNBS ) ethanol solution ( 40 mg / kg ) . The rats were anesthetized with mild sodium opental ( 2 % , 2 mg / kg ) .
( II ) Histological experiment
taking rat far - end inflammatory colon , cleaning in physiological saline , respectively placing in 4 % polyformaldehyde solution for fixing for 24 - 48 hours , then adding 30 % sucrose solution for dehydration until it sinks into the bottom of the container , and taking out the frozen section ; and performing staining on the tissue section according to the steps in the instruction of the eosin - threonine essence staining kit , and observing and taking pictures under a microscope .
( III ) Western Blotting
The total protein concentration was determined by the BCA method . The total protein concentration was determined by BCA method . The total protein concentration was determined by BCA method . After electrophoresis ( constant voltage 100mA , 100 min ) , membrane ( constant flow 300mA , 90 min ) , the membrane was incubated overnight ( constant current 300mA , 90 min ) , and the membrane was washed again at 4 鈩
本文编号:2123800
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