508例代谢综合征患者的心血管病危险因素控制知信行分析

发布时间：2018-08-15 18:00

【摘要】：目的：分析代谢综合征患者的心血管病危险因素控制知识、态度及行为现状，并比较不同文化程度、不同年龄段、不同居住地被调查者的差异，为进行更为针对性的健康教育，制定有效的干预措施，改善代谢综合征患者的健康水平及降低心脑血管病发病风险提供依据。方法：自行设计《代谢综合征患者的心血管病危险因素控制知-信-行分析》调查问卷，，内容包括代谢综合征防治知识、饮食、生活方式行为及对健康膳食与生活方式的态度。随机调查在吉林大学第一医院心血管疾病诊治中心及内分泌科就诊的代谢综合征患者，年龄18岁～70岁。现场收回有效问卷508份，利用EpiData3.0录入数据、SPSS19.0进行数据统计分析。计量资料采用t检验，计数资料采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。分析代谢综合征患者的心血管疾病危险因素相关知识、态度及行为，并分别比较高中及以下组（简称高中以下组）与大专及以上组（简称大专以上组）、＜60岁组与≥60岁组、乡镇组与城市组的差异。结果： 1.代谢综合征防治知识代谢综合征防治基础知识的评分值和及格率，均为高中以下组低于大专以上组、≥60岁组低于＜60岁组、乡镇组低于城市组；高中以下组、≥60岁组和乡镇组的及格率，均不足60%。知晓率不足50%的内容包括：糖尿病及心脑血管病人的血压控制目标值、高血压、心脑血管病患者每日食盐控制量、高胆固醇血症者每日胆固醇控制量、含有反式脂肪酸的食物、海鱼多不饱和脂肪酸对预防血脂异常有利、即使短时间被动吸烟也有害健康、“低焦油卷烟”不能降低健康危害、糖尿病人空腹饮酒会降低血糖、中国判定腹型肥胖的腰围数值、腹型肥胖者心脑血管病危险性增加。对缺血性心脑血管病危险因素的认知度较高，10%的人对缺血性心脑血管病危险因素完全不知晓。对超重/肥胖能导致脑卒中的认知率为60%。对增加钾盐摄入有利于控制高血压的知晓率仅为27.2%。对血脂异常控制措施达80%以上。对吸烟可以导致恶性肿瘤及中风的认知率均不足60%。 2.代谢综合征防治饮食及生活方式行为所有被调查者均采用药物控制代谢紊乱，80%的人尚采用饮食控制措施；增加活动者不足50%。 80%的被调查者畜肉食用量多于禽肉和鱼虾；62%的人每日食盐摄入量＞6g；56%的人常吃酱菜及盐腌食物。当前吸烟、当前饮用白酒的代谢综合征患者分别为29.5%及18.1%，当前吸烟者中，高中以下组、乡镇组、＜60岁组所占比例较高。 3.代谢综合征防治相关健康膳食及生活方式的态度代谢综合征患者对采取健康膳食的态度比较积极，但当前吸烟，打算戒烟者以及当前饮白酒，打算戒白酒者均为60%左右。对于一些健康膳食与生活方式态度，大专以上组、城市组、＜60岁组较为积极。结论： 1.代谢综合征患者的心血管病危险因素防治知识水平不高，尤以文化程度较低者、≥60岁者、乡镇居住者。 2.代谢综合征患者的心血管病危险因素防治相关健康膳食及生活方式行为的形成率较低。 3.代谢综合征患者对采用健康膳食的态度比较积极，但当前吸烟者打算戒烟、当前饮白酒者打算戒白酒的意愿尚待提高。 4.代谢综合征患者的心血管病危险因素控制相关知识水平亟待提高，膳食及生活方式有待端正，应予以重视。健康教育的重点对象应为文化程度较低者、≥60岁者、乡镇居住者。
[Abstract]:Objective:
To analyze the knowledge, attitude and behavior of cardiovascular risk factors control in patients with metabolic syndrome, and compare the differences among subjects of different educational levels, ages and residences. In order to carry out more targeted health education, effective intervention measures should be formulated to improve the health level of patients with metabolic syndrome and reduce cardio-cerebral blood. Provide basis for risk of tube disease.
Method:
A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors of cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic syndrome. The questionnaire included the knowledge of prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome, diet, lifestyle behavior and attitude towards healthy diet and lifestyle.
A total of 508 valid questionnaires were collected from the cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment center and Endocrinology Department of the First Hospital of Jilin University. Law.
To analyze the knowledge, attitude and behavior of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome, and compare the differences between the high school and below group (below high school group) and the college and above group (above College group), the group under 60 and over 60, the township group and the urban group.
Result:
1. prevention and treatment knowledge of metabolic syndrome
The score and pass rate of the basic knowledge of prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome were lower in the group below senior middle school than in the group above junior college, lower in the group above 60 years old than in the group below 60 years old, and lower in the town group than in the city group; the pass rate of the group below senior middle school, > 60 years old and town group was less than 60%. The awareness rate of less than 50% included: blood pressure of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients. Control target value, daily salt control in patients with hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, daily cholesterol control in patients with hypercholesterolemia, foods containing trans fatty acids, marine fish polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to prevent dyslipidemia, even if short passive smoking is harmful to health, "low tar cigarettes" can not reduce health hazards, diabetes mellitus Drinking on an empty stomach lowers blood sugar, and China's waist circumference, which determines abdominal obesity, increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Cognition of the risk factors of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease is high, 10% of the people are completely unaware of the risk factors of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular disease.
For overweight / obesity, the cognitive rate of stroke is 60%.
The awareness rate of increasing potassium intake to control hypertension is only 27.2%.
The control measures for dyslipidemia were more than 80%.
The cognitive rate of smoking can lead to malignant tumor and stroke is less than 60%.
2. metabolic syndrome prevention diet and lifestyle behavior
All respondents used drugs to control metabolic disorders, 80% still used dietary control measures, and less than 50% increased activity.
Eighty percent of the respondents ate more livestock meat than poultry and fish and shrimp; 62 percent ate more than 6 g of salt a day; and 56 percent ate pickles and salted foods.
At present, 29.5% and 18.1% of the smokers with metabolic syndrome were smoking and drinking liquor, respectively. Among the current smokers, the proportion of those under 60 years old was higher in the group below senior middle school and township.
3. health related dietary and lifestyle attitudes toward metabolic syndrome prevention
Patients with metabolic syndrome had a positive attitude toward healthy diet. However, about 60% of the current smokers, those who intend to quit smoking, and those who intend to quit drinking liquor, all intend to quit liquor.
For some healthy dietary and lifestyle attitudes, college or above group, urban group, < 60 years old group are more active.
Conclusion:
1. The knowledge level of cardiovascular risk factors prevention and treatment in patients with metabolic syndrome is not high, especially in those with lower educational level, > 60 years old, and township residents.
2. The incidence of cardiovascular risk factors related to prevention and treatment of healthy diet and lifestyle behavior in patients with metabolic syndrome is low.
3. Patients with metabolic syndrome have a positive attitude toward healthy diet, but smokers intend to quit smoking, and liquor drinkers intend to quit liquor at present.
4. The knowledge level of cardiovascular risk factors control in patients with metabolic syndrome needs to be improved urgently, the diet and lifestyle need to be corrected, and attention should be paid to it.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R589

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