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早年应激对啮齿类动物前脑NMDA受体亚基及c-fos表达的影响

发布时间:2018-03-14 15:55

  本文选题:早年应激 切入点:N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体 出处:《山西医科大学》2014年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:临床研究和流行病学调查显示,早年应激(Early life stress,ELS)是精神疾病发病的重要危险因素之一,儿童期创伤性经历会增加个体对具有环境发病风险的精神疾病(如抑郁、焦虑障碍等)的易感性。前脑(海马、前额叶)既是应激的高位调节中枢,也是认知相关的重要脑区,在精神疾病的机制学研究中占有重要地位。动物模型相关研究中,早年应激诱发的前脑突触可塑性改变和认知功能损伤为精神疾病发病机制的研究提供了独特的研究角度。谷氨酸是重要的中枢兴奋性递质,主要通过与突触后膜谷氨酸NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate,N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸)受体结合,发挥重要的生理作用。研究发现,早年应激通过作用于谷氨酸系统,引起NMDA受体改变和认知功能受损。同时动物研究显示早期处理(early handling)中,重复注射MK-801(dizocilpine maleate,地卓西平马来酸盐)通过阻断NMDA受体会诱发啮齿类动物认知功能损害。本研究通过早期MK-801处理模拟早年应激,研究其对大鼠前脑NMDA受体亚基表达的改变。 实验一 目的:本研究选择早期MK-801处理模拟早年应激,检测其对不同发育阶段NMDA受体亚基的影响。 方法:选用非选择性NMDA受体拮抗剂MK-801(dizocilpine maleate,地卓西平马来酸盐),于PND(postnatal day,出生后)5~14天重复注射,研究其对大鼠不同发育阶段(幼年期、青春期、成年期)前脑(海马和前额叶皮质脑区)NMDA受体亚基(NR1、NR2A、NR2B)表达的影响。 结果: 1.幼年期(PND15)与对照组相比,应激组大鼠海马与前额叶皮质脑区NMDA受体各亚基表达水平均无统计学差异(P0.05); 2.青春期(PND42)与对照组相比,应激组大鼠海马与前额叶皮质脑区NMDA受体各亚基表达水平均无统计学差异(P0.05); 3.成年期(PND70)应激组大鼠海马NR1、NR2A表达水平较对照组增加[NR1:(149.55±12.08)vs.(100.00±14.34);NR2A:(171.54±8.88)vs.(100.00±22.83)],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);海马NR2B及前额叶皮质脑区NMDA受体各亚基表达水平在两组间无统计学差异。 综上,新生期重复注射MK-801选择性上调成年大鼠海马NMDA受体亚基NR1和NR2A的表达水平,提示新生期阻断NMDA受体引起持久的神经发育异常,进而引起一系列精神疾病相关的行为异常。认为早期MK-801处理对大鼠大脑的神经发育产生远期影响,其具体作用机制仍需进一步研究,,此将对精神疾病的临床治疗及预后有重要指导意义。相关研究提出单纯的环境应激模型(心理应激)能更合理地模拟早年应激,以更好地研究早年应激对成年啮齿类动物认知功能的影响。第二部分实验选择限制筑窝材料和垫料(limited nesting and bedding material)模型,研究其对成年小鼠前脑c-fos基础表达水平的影响。 实验二 目的:研究早年应激对成年小鼠前脑(海马和前额叶皮质脑区)即早基因c-fos表达水平的影响。 方法:选用限制筑窝材料和垫料模型,于PND2~PND9造模处理。 结果: 1.应激组与对照组相比,小鼠海马脑区c-fos表达水平无统计学差异(P0.05) 2.应激组与对照组相比,小鼠前额叶皮质脑区c-fos表达水平无统计学差异(P0.05) 综上,应激组小鼠与对照组小鼠c-fos基础表达水平无明显差异,提示早年应激未影响成年期小鼠前脑的c-fos基础表达。结论:本研究发现早年应激中早期MK-801处理会引起大鼠成年期NMDA受体亚基表达异常,提示其对大鼠神经发育产生了远期影响。同时实验二显示早年生活应激对小鼠成年期c-fos的基础表达无影响,为进一步实验提供基础。下一步实验通过检测成年小鼠学习记忆相关行为改变和c-fos表达的变化,研究早年应激对成年小鼠认知功能的影响。进而为临床精神疾病发病机制研究、治疗及预防提供重要依据。
[Abstract]:According to the epidemiological and clinical studies, early life stress (Early life stress, ELS) is one of the important risk factors for the incidence of mental illness, childhood traumatic experiences of individuals with mental illness will increase the environmental risk (such as depression, anxiety disorder, etc.). Susceptibility to forebrain (hippocampus, prefrontal) is a high stress adjustment the central, is also important cognitive brain areas related to the mechanism of mental illness in school plays an important role in the study. The related research in animal models, provides a unique perspective on forebrain synaptic plasticity changes and cognitive function in early stress induced damage to the pathogenesis of mental illness. Glutamate is an important excitatory neurotransmitter in central, mainly through the glutamate and postsynaptic membrane NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate, N- methyl -D- aspartate) receptors play an important physiological role. The study found that early should Induced by acting on the glutamate system, caused by NMDA receptor changes and impaired cognitive function. At the same time, animal studies have shown that early treatment (early handling), MK-801 (dizocilpine maleate, repeated injection to Xiping Zhuo maleate) by blocking NMDA receptors induced by rodents cognitive impairment. This study through the simulation of early stress in early MK-801 treatment on the subunit expression changes in rat forebrain NMDA receptors.
Experiment 1
Objective: in this study, early MK-801 treatment was selected to simulate early stress and to detect its effect on NMDA receptor subunits at different developmental stages.
Methods: the non selective NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (dizocilpine, maleate, Zhuo Xiping maleate), PND (postnatal day, 5~14 days after birth) repeated injection, on the rats at different developmental stages (early childhood, adolescence, adulthood) forebrain (hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) NMDA receptor subunits (NR1, NR2A, NR2B) on the expression.
Result锛

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