大鼠脑缺血不同时期功能恢复的研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 18:47

本文选题：脑缺血 + 步态分析　；参考：《北京工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：脑缺血是临床常见病多发病，具有高发生率、高致残率、高死亡率的特点，严重危害人类健康。大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型是研究脑缺血性损伤的重要手段。使用大鼠模型研究脑功能损伤与恢复的机制，对于疾病的早期诊断与治疗具有重要义。论文利用线栓法建立了SD大鼠脑缺血模型，并设计了多分组的实验测试方案。从步态分析、电生理信号检测、核磁共振成像和病理组织分析四方面，提取可反映脑功能变化的实验参数，研究大鼠脑缺血不同时期的功能恢复状态，具体研究内容包括： 1.步态分析：将实验组与对照组的大鼠前爪和后爪涂上不同颜色的染料，任其自由行走，测量步态参数。结果显示，术后4小时，大鼠向右身侧旋转，步态参数与对照组相比有显著性差异。术后24小时，大鼠步态恢复正常。对照组相比，步态参数没有显著性差异。 2.电生理信号的采集和分析采用躯体感觉诱发电位（SEP）记录法，在术后不同时间刺激大鼠的右前爪正中神经支配区，记录对照组和实验组左侧皮层脑电信号，提取SEP，并对安静状态下的EEG信号进行频谱分析。结果显示，四个实验组较对照组SEP潜伏期显著增大，波幅显著变小，θ波、波、β波、γ波的能量明显变小。随着术后时间的延长，上述特征与对照组的差距缩小。 3.脑核磁共振成像对大鼠进行磁共振扫描，测量表观弥散系数（ADC）及磁共振波谱（MRS）的变化。结果显示。实验组的（病灶区－正常区）/正常区的ADC值没有显著差异，（半暗带－正常区）/正常区、（半暗带－正常区）/病灶区的ADC值随着术后时间的推移逐渐减小，，数据有显著差异。不同实验组的病灶区（Naa－Cho）/Cr变化不显著，半暗带的（Naa－Cho）/Cr变化明显。 4.病理组织的分析对脑组织用透射电镜检测并用Western Blot检测GAP-43蛋白及突触素含量。结果显示，电镜下手术1W后大鼠神经元细胞数量明显减少，突触数量也明显减少，GAP-43量明显增加。2W后GAP-43量达到最高值，之后降低。突触素的变化不明显。实验结果看出，大鼠具有功能恢复能力，但这种能力有一定限度，只有半暗带有恢复的能力。同时，行为学改变与细胞代谢、超微观结构和电生理信号之间有一定的联系。SEP可在一定程度上反映脑缺血大鼠大脑皮层功能的变化，对脑缺血的早期诊断具有一定作用。
[Abstract]:Cerebral ischemia is a common clinical disease with high incidence, high disability rate, high mortality, serious harm to human health. The model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats is an important method to study cerebral ischemic injury. Using rat model to study the mechanism of brain function damage and recovery is important for the early diagnosis and treatment of disease. In this paper, a rat model of cerebral ischemia was established by the method of thread embolization, and a multi-group experimental test scheme was designed. From gait analysis, electrophysiological signal detection, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology analysis, the experimental parameters which can reflect the changes of brain function were extracted to study the functional recovery state in different periods of cerebral ischemia in rats. 1. Gait analysis: The rats of the experimental group and the control group were coated with different colors of dye to walk freely and gait parameters were measured. The results showed that the rats rotated to the right side 4 hours after operation, and the gait parameters were significantly different from those of the control group. The gait of rats returned to normal 24 hours after operation. There was no significant difference in gait parameters between the control group and the control group. 2. Acquisition and Analysis of Electrophysiological signals Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) recording method was used to record the left cortical EEG of the right forepaw and median nerve innervation of rats at different time after operation. The SEP was extracted from the left cortex of the control group and the experimental group, and the EEG signals in the quiet state were analyzed by spectrum analysis. The results showed that compared with the control group, the latency of SEP in the four experimental groups was significantly increased, the amplitude of the wave was significantly decreased, the energy of the 胃 wave, 尾 wave and 纬 wave was obviously decreased. With the extension of postoperative time, the difference between the above characteristics and the control group was narrowed. 3. Brain magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic resonance scanning (MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCC) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were measured in rats. The result shows that. There was no significant difference in the ADC values of the experimental group (lesion area normal area / normal area) (ADC value of penumbra normal area / normal area decreased gradually with the passage of time after operation and there was significant difference in data. There was no significant change of Na _ (a-Choo) / Cr in the lesion area of different experimental groups, but the change of Na _ (a-Choo) / Cr in penumbra was obvious. 4. Analysis of pathological tissue The contents of GAP-43 protein and synaptophysin in brain tissue were detected by transmission electron microscope and Western Blot. The results showed that the number of neuronal cells and synapses decreased significantly after 1 W operation under electron microscope, and the amount of GAP-43 increased significantly. The GAP-43 content reached the maximum value after 2 W operation, and then decreased. The change of synaptophysin was not obvious. The results show that rats have the ability of functional recovery, but this ability has certain limits, only the penumbra has the ability of recovery. At the same time, there is a certain relationship between behavioral changes and cellular metabolism, ultrastructure and electrophysiological signals. SEP can reflect the changes of cerebral cortex function in rats with cerebral ischemia to some extent, and play a certain role in the early diagnosis of cerebral ischemia.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R743.3

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