13例自身免疫性脑炎临床分析与文献复习
发布时间:2018-07-13 11:14
【摘要】:目的本文对13例自身免疫性脑炎(Autoimmune encephalitis,AE)患者的一般临床资料,临床表现,血生化,免疫指标,肿瘤筛查,脑脊液检查,脑电图,颅脑MRI,治疗及疗效,随访结果进行综合分析,并结合国内外相关文献,全面讨论各种类型自身免疫性脑炎患者的病理生理特点、临床表现、实验室检查、像学检查、治疗及预后,为临床诊断与治疗提供参考。资料与方法收集2014年7月至2016年10月在南昌大学第二附属医院神经内科住院治疗患者,最后诊断为AE的13例患者,收集患者的一般资料、临床表现、血生化,免疫指标,肿瘤筛查,脑脊液检查,脑电图,颅脑MRI,治疗及疗效,随访结果。最后对这13例自身免疫性脑炎患者的资料进行回顾性分析。同时使用频数或百分数来描述各病人的具体情况,并对其各类型进行临床分析。结果收集符合自身免疫性脑炎临床表现并于血清和(或)脑脊液中检测到抗细胞表面抗原抗体和抗细胞内抗原抗体13例患者,其中抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎6例、抗y-氨基丁酸B受体(GABABR)脑炎4例,抗富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1(Leucine—rich glioma inactivated l,LGll)脑炎1例、抗Amphiphysin抗体脑炎1例,抗Ma2抗体脑炎1例。其中男性患者8例,占61.5%;女性患者5例,占38.5%,年龄为25~87岁。患者的临床表现主要表现为癫痫发作,认知功能障碍、精神行为异常,记忆力下降。13例自身免疫性脑炎患者相关抗体检测发现,其中有4例患者显示脑脊液和血清抗体均阳性,6例患者仅表现脑脊液抗体阳性,仅血清抗体阳性的患者为3例。血清学电解质,肝肾功能检测显示其中5例表现电解质异常,2例为低钾血症,3例为低钠低氯血症,1例肾功能异常,3例肝功能异常。4例甲状腺功能异常;4例行甲状腺激素抗体检测,其中2例表现:甲状腺球蛋白抗体升高;对患者进行风湿四项,免疫功能六项,ANA谱,ANA3,ANCA免疫指标检查发现,5例患者相关指标发现异常,其中3例血清补体下降,3例抗核抗体阳性,2例抗Ro-52抗体阳性,1例抗CENP B抗体阳性,1例抗细胞浆抗体阳性,1例抗SS-A抗体阳性。肿瘤四项检测显示:3例血清肿瘤标志物升高。脑脊液压力,脑脊液常规,生化检测发现:3例患者脑脊液压力升高,7例白细胞升高,7例蛋白异常,其中1例蛋白降低,6例蛋白升高。6例患者行脑电图检查,其中4例显示异常,1例示左侧额颞区痫样放电,3例显示慢波。异常头颅MRI有11例,分别在海马、侧脑室、三脑室旁、脑桥、颞叶、额叶、尾状核、豆状核、枕叶、小脑、顶叶等存在异常信号。对患者进行腹部超声,胸部、腹部、盆腔CT,男性进行泌尿系彩超,女性完善妇科超声,其中1例患者两肺下叶局限性膨胀不全,纵隔多发肿大淋巴结,双侧胸腔少量积液,余未发现明显的肿瘤征像。总共10例患者使用了糖皮质激素和静脉注射用免疫球蛋白(Intravenous immunoglobulin,IVIG)免疫抑制治疗,大部分患者有效,随访结果显示4例基本恢复正常,2例表现为记忆力下降,1例认知功能下降,1例仍偶有癫痫部分性发作,1例发现肺癌,现予以化疗,2例死亡。结论综上所述,本研究虽然样本量小,但仍可发现特征性表现。此次AE患者更倾于男性患者,且中位数年龄较女性患者高,其差异性是否具有统计学意义,可进一步研究;本次研究患者临床表现同文献报道一致,表现为癫痫发作,认知功能障碍,精神行为异常,且半数患者可伴有头痛,发热等前驱症状。辅助检查可协助排除风湿,肿瘤性疾病,若病情危重患者同时伴有甲状腺功能降低,往往提示预后不佳。研究中发现,脑脊液抗体检查在抗神经元表面抗体脑炎中灵敏度及特异度往往更高。EEG检查与颅脑MRI大部分表现异常,但无明显特异性,且表现边缘叶脑炎临床表现患者,其颅脑MRI异常信号可出现于边缘系统外部位。AE的治疗以免疫抑制治疗为主,通过规范化免疫治疗,往往预后良好。2016年我国自身免疫性脑炎指南中仅对抗NMDAR脑炎患者的治疗流程进行说明,但是对于其他脑炎患者一线治疗中其联合治疗是否比单用预后更佳,且抗体滴度变化是否对预后有指导意义,有待下一步临床研究。AE患者存在一定的复发倾向,足够时间的免疫抑制治疗有可能减少其复发,做好病人的随访及定期门诊复查是有必要的。
[Abstract]:Objective To study the clinical features , clinical manifestations , EEG , brain MRI , treatment and prognosis of 13 patients with autoimmune encephalitis , including 6 cases of anti - N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor ( NMDAR ) encephalitis , 4 cases with anti - y - aminobutyric acid B receptor ( GABABR ) encephalitis , 1 case of anti - Amphiphysin antibody encephalitis , 1 case of anti - Ma2 antibody encephalitis , and 5 cases of female patients . The results showed that there were 5 cases with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid pressure , 3 cases of hypokalaemia , 3 cases of low sodium hypochlesemia , 1 case of abnormal renal function and 3 cases of abnormal liver function . In this study , the clinical manifestations of this study were consistent with those reported in the literature . The prognosis is good . In the guidance of our own immune encephalitis in 2016 , only the treatment flow of NMDAR encephalitis patients will be described . However , the combination therapy in the first - line therapy of other encephalitis patients is better than the single - use prognosis , and whether the change of antibody titer has a guiding significance for the prognosis . There is a certain relapse tendency in the patients with AE , and the immunosuppressive therapy with sufficient time may reduce its recurrence , and it is necessary to follow up the patient ' s follow - up and regular clinic review .
【学位授予单位】:南昌大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:R742.9
本文编号:2119162
[Abstract]:Objective To study the clinical features , clinical manifestations , EEG , brain MRI , treatment and prognosis of 13 patients with autoimmune encephalitis , including 6 cases of anti - N - methyl - D - aspartate receptor ( NMDAR ) encephalitis , 4 cases with anti - y - aminobutyric acid B receptor ( GABABR ) encephalitis , 1 case of anti - Amphiphysin antibody encephalitis , 1 case of anti - Ma2 antibody encephalitis , and 5 cases of female patients . The results showed that there were 5 cases with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid pressure , 3 cases of hypokalaemia , 3 cases of low sodium hypochlesemia , 1 case of abnormal renal function and 3 cases of abnormal liver function . In this study , the clinical manifestations of this study were consistent with those reported in the literature . The prognosis is good . In the guidance of our own immune encephalitis in 2016 , only the treatment flow of NMDAR encephalitis patients will be described . However , the combination therapy in the first - line therapy of other encephalitis patients is better than the single - use prognosis , and whether the change of antibody titer has a guiding significance for the prognosis . There is a certain relapse tendency in the patients with AE , and the immunosuppressive therapy with sufficient time may reduce its recurrence , and it is necessary to follow up the patient ' s follow - up and regular clinic review .
【学位授予单位】:南昌大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:R742.9
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 乔雷;关鸿志;任海涛;刘智;姚明;杨英麦;赵燕环;李红芳;彭斌;朱以诚;崔丽英;;抗amphiphysin抗体相关副肿瘤神经综合征临床研究[J];中华神经科杂志;2016年10期
,本文编号:2119162
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