小胶质细胞极化在中枢神经系统髓鞘再生中的作用研究进展

发布时间：2019-05-09 00:25

【摘要】：了解中枢神经系统髓鞘损伤再生的调控机制对多种中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病的治疗有重要意义。近年来研究发现,中枢神经系统中小胶质细胞的不同极化形式在调控髓鞘损伤再生中起到重要作用。在一系列细胞内外信号分子的介导下,M1型小胶质细胞会分泌一些促炎因子而加重髓鞘的损伤,而M2型小胶质细胞一方面可分泌抗炎分子和吞噬损伤坏死细胞而抑制炎症反应,为髓鞘再生创造条件;另一方面还能分泌多种神经营养因子,促进髓鞘修复。此外,最近研究发现M2型小胶质细胞在一定程度上还能促进少突胶质前体细胞的成熟分化,进而促进了中枢神经系统髓鞘的再生。这些研究结果提示,促进小胶质细胞的M2型极化可能成为治疗脱髓鞘疾病的新途径。
[Abstract]:Understanding the regulation mechanism of myelin sheath injury and regeneration in the central nervous system is of great significance in the treatment of various demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. In recent years, it has been found that the different polarization forms of microglia in central nervous system play an important role in regulating the regeneration of myelin sheath injury. Under the mediation of a series of intracellular and extracellular signal molecules, M1 microglia can secrete some pro-inflammatory factors and aggravate the damage of myelin sheath. On the one hand, M2 microglia can secrete anti-inflammatory molecules and engulf injured and necrotic cells to inhibit the inflammatory reaction. To create conditions for myelin sheath regeneration; On the other hand, it can also secrete a variety of neurotrophic factors, promote myelin repair. In addition, recent studies have found that M2 microglia can promote the maturation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells to a certain extent, and thus promote the regeneration of myelin sheath in the central nervous system. These results suggest that promoting M2 polarization of microglia may be a new approach to the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
【作者单位】：第三军医大学学员旅14营;第三军医大学组胚教研室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31500969)资助课题
【分类号】：R744.5

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