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纳米材料生物有序组装及临床应用

发布时间:2018-02-10 21:28

  本文关键词: 电化学免疫传感器 石墨烯 纳米材料 肿瘤标志物 出处:《济南大学》2012年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文


【摘要】:众所周知,作为一种新型的检测装置,免疫传感器在过去的几十年里已经引起了人们的极大关注,主要是因为其在各个领域都具有潜在的应用价值,如食品工业[1]、生物技术[2]、化学制药[3]、环境污染检测[4]和临床检测[5]。尤为重要的是,由于其较好的兼容性,仪器的简单操作和高的灵敏度和选择性,电化学免疫传感器作为一种新的分析工具和仪器,在肿瘤标志物的临床检测中得到了广泛的应用。 通过大量的数据收集可以看出,在每年的记录里都可以发现全世界患有乳腺癌的女性有一百万左右,对于妇女健康状况危害的各种肿瘤很多,其中危害最大的是乳腺癌[6]。一直以来全球的医学界都一直致力于对乳腺癌的检测研究,在不断的研究过程中,科学家们发现有一种可以作为乳癌诊断的肿瘤标志物,那就是糖抗原15-3(carbohydrateantigen15-3, CA15-3),同时对于它的检测还可以应用到肿瘤预后[7]。明星材料石墨烯由于其独特的物理化学性质已经引起全世界的广泛关注,是一种全新的材料[8]。在本研究中,我们报道了一种新型的基于石墨烯的免疫传感器用于CA15-3的简单、快速和超灵敏检测。一方面,简单体现在两点,一是免疫传感器的简单构建,二是在合成石墨烯的过程中体现出方法的简单和新颖性;另一方面,免疫传感器的灵敏度通过石墨烯表层的大的比表面积可以吸附大量的抗体从而得到大大的加强[9]。此外,电解液和电极表面之间的电子的传递速度由于石墨烯较高的导电性而得到增强。制备传感器可以通过下面的方法来实现:把合成的石墨烯修饰到已经经过事先抛光清洗的玻碳电极的表面上,通过石墨烯上的羧基和抗体上的氨基发生酰胺化反应使CA15-3结合到电极上,抗原抗体在电极表面的结合形成复合物,造成电极上的电子传递速率会大大降低。电流信号随着CA15-3的浓度变化而发生变化,并成线性关系,具有一定的检测线性范围,其范围为0.1U/mL—20U/mL,检出限为0.012U/mL。通过这种方式构建的传感器具有很大的优势,因为它具备了非常多的优点,比如说选择性好,灵敏度也很高,此外,稳定性也很好,并且检测简单易操作。由此可见,这种新型的免疫传感器在临床上对于肿瘤标志物的快速检测方面具有非常好的应用前景。 在这篇文章中,我们还报道了一种新型的电化学免疫传感器用于甲胎蛋白(AFP)的检测,此类传感器基于石墨烯纳米材料和Au Pd立方体纳米粒子。简言之,由于石墨烯较强的导电性和大的比表面积,AFP抗体通过酰胺化反应很容易结合到电极的表面,信号放大的方法是通过标记二抗的Au Pd纳米材料来实现的。得到的此类夹心型免疫传感器检测效果很好,,在AFP的检测过程中能够体现出的线性范围较宽,即为0.05—30ng/mL之间,检测限低,即为0.005ng/mL。由此制备的传感器稳定性良好,并且具有很好的再生性。由此可以推断,这类传感器的应用范围可以得到推广,即可以应用到其他肿瘤标志物的检测,从而达到在临床上的诊断和预后的目的。
[Abstract]:As a new type of detection device , as a new type of detection device , the immunosensor has attracted great attention in the past few decades , mainly because it has potential application value in various fields , such as food industry , biotechnology , chemical pharmacy , environmental pollution detection and clinical detection . Especially , because of its good compatibility , simple operation and high sensitivity and selectivity of the instrument , electrochemical immunosensor as a new analytical tool and instrument has been widely used in the clinical detection of tumor markers . Through a large amount of data collection , it can be seen that , in every year ' s records , there are about one million women with breast cancer in the world , many of which are harmful to women ' s health , and most of them are breast cancer . Since the world ' s medical community has been working on breast cancer detection , scientists have found a tumor marker that can be diagnosed as breast cancer , that is , the sugar antigen 15 - 3 ( carbofrateantigen15 - 3 , CA15 - 3 ) , and its detection can also be applied to the prognosis of the tumor . Due to its unique physical and chemical properties , the star material graphene has attracted wide attention worldwide , and it is a brand - new material . In this study , we reported a new type of graphene - based immunosensor used in the simple , rapid and ultra - sensitive detection of CA15 - 3 . On the one hand , it is simple to construct the immunosensor . In addition , the transfer rate of electrons between the electrolyte and the electrode surface is enhanced due to the high conductivity of the graphene . The preparation sensor can be realized by modifying the synthesized graphene to the surface of the glassy carbon electrode which has been cleaned in advance , and the detection limit is 0.012U / mL .

鍦ㄨ繖绡囨枃绔犱腑,鎴戜滑杩樻姤閬撲簡涓

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