脊柱腰骶段生物力学特性及内固定材料的应用

发布时间：2018-02-26 08:08

本文关键词： 内固定器脊柱生物力学组织工程生物材料骨生物材料内固定金属材料可吸收材料腰骶段脊柱结核稳定性　出处：《中国组织工程研究》2016年16期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：背景:近年来,建立在脊柱生物力学和材料科学基础上的脊柱内固定技术取得了迅猛发展。目的:综述脊柱腰骶段生物力学特点,以及不同内固定材料在腰骶段脊柱结核稳定性重建中的作用。方法:应用计算机检索Medline、相关期刊论文中的相关文献,检索关键词为"腰骶段脊柱结核,生物材料,内固定,lumbo-sacral spinal tuberculosis,Biomaterials,fixation"。结果与结论:坚强内固定是腰骶段结核的常规固定手段,内固定材料的应用提高了腰骶段脊柱结核治疗时重建脊柱序列和稳定性的疗效。金属材料如不锈钢、钛及钛合金因坚强内固定而被广泛应用,金属内固定材料最大的缺点是内固定后沉降、不透光性、应力遮挡效应和骨质疏松,影响了融合效果及内固定后影像学观察;可吸收材料具有良好的生物相容性和可降解性,是近年来用于骨科内固定的新兴材料。应根据椎体破坏程度和腰骶稳定性改变,研究其固定的生物力学结果,选择合适的内固定材料。
[Abstract]:Background: in recent years, the technique of spinal internal fixation based on spinal biomechanics and material science has developed rapidly. Objective: to review the biomechanical characteristics of lumbosacral segment of spinal column. Methods: Medline, the related literature in the full text database of Chinese periodicals was searched by computer, and the key words were "lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis, biomaterials," as well as the role of different internal fixation materials in the stability reconstruction of lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis. Results & conclusion: rigid internal fixation is a conventional fixation method for lumbosacral tuberculosis. The application of internal fixation material can improve the efficacy of reconstruction of spine sequence and stability in the treatment of lumbosacral tuberculosis. Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used because of strong internal fixation. The biggest shortcomings of metal internal fixation materials are post-fixation sedimentation, impermeability, stress shielding effect and osteoporosis, which affect the fusion effect and imaging observation after internal fixation. Absorbable materials, with good biocompatibility and degradability, are new materials used in orthopedic internal fixation in recent years. The biomechanical results of fixation should be studied according to the degree of vertebral damage and lumbosacral stability. Select suitable internal fixation materials.
【作者单位】：中国医科大学临床三系;辽宁省人民医院骨外2科;辽宁省人民医院骨外3科;
【基金】：辽宁省科学技术厅自然科学基金资助项目(201102104)~~
【分类号】：R681.5;R318.08

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