股骨纵向受压时的应力分布特征分析

发布时间：2018-03-11 08:11

本文选题：股骨　切入点：受压　出处：《固体力学学报》2016年S1期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：股骨是支撑人体的重要组成部分,其纵向受压是主要的外力作用形式.过大的荷载、意外的冲击、疲劳等可能造成股骨的断裂损伤,股骨颈开裂与折断是一种典型、高发的损伤形式,此时需要用人工假体代替损坏的部分股骨.为使假体与股骨结合性能接近于原股骨,必需研究掌握股骨的应力分布特征.股骨特别是两端因几何构造的复杂性,相应的应力情况也比较复杂.因受活体股骨及其实验技术的限制,有限元数值计算分析成为一种普遍采用的方法.但股骨上端部构造复杂、尺寸相对较小,往往缺乏可靠的计算结果,且股骨颈附近的有效测试数据相对较少.因此,需要进行全股骨纵向受压的应力分布特征特别是股骨颈附近应力特征的进一步研究.此外,假体植入后股骨的应力分布变化与假体的无菌性松动是一个切实的重要问题.论文基于股骨标本和假体植入鲜股骨纵向受压的多点应力测量结果,进行其有限元建模并计算分析.先基于股骨的CT扫描数据,利用MIMICS软件重建股骨的三维几何精确模型,再转入ANSYS软件划分单元,计算得到全股骨的应力分布结果,说明其分布特征及关键点的应力,并与实验结果比较说明结果的可靠性.然后,考虑股骨颈断裂损伤后的生物型金属假体植入情况,基于假体松动前的股骨实验结果,对于假体与股骨结合体计算分析其应力分布,说明假体植入对于股骨干应力分布的影响、及假体松动与应力遮挡现象.
[Abstract]:Femur is an important part of supporting human body, its longitudinal compression is the main form of external force. Excessive load, unexpected impact, fatigue and so on may cause fracture and injury of femur, fracture and fracture of femoral neck is a typical. In the form of high incidence of injury, artificial prosthesis is needed to replace the damaged part of the femur. In order to make the joint between the prosthesis and the femur close to that of the original femur, It is necessary to study and master the characteristics of stress distribution of femur. Because of the complexity of geometrical structure of femur, especially at both ends of femur, the corresponding stress situation is more complicated. Because of the limitation of living femur and its experimental technology, Finite element numerical analysis has become a widely used method. However, the upper end of the femur is complicated in structure, relatively small in size, often lacking of reliable results, and the effective test data near the femoral neck are relatively few. Further study is needed on the stress distribution characteristics of the whole femur under longitudinal compression, especially near the femoral neck. The change of stress distribution and aseptic loosening of prosthesis is an important problem. Based on the CT scanning data of the femur, the 3D geometric model of the femur was reconstructed by using MIMICS software, then transferred to the ANSYS software division unit, and the stress distribution results of the whole femur were calculated. The distribution characteristics and the stress of the key points are explained, and the reliability of the results is compared with the experimental results. Then, considering the implantation of the biological metal prosthesis after fracture of the femoral neck, the experimental results of the femur before the prosthesis loosening are considered. The stress distribution of prosthesis combined with femur was calculated and analyzed. The effect of prosthesis implantation on femoral shaft stress distribution and the phenomenon of prosthesis loosening and stress occlusion were explained.
【作者单位】：浙江大学航空航天学院力学系;浙江中医药大学附属嘉兴市中医医院;
【基金】：浙江省科技计划(2011C33050) 浙江省自然科学基金(LY15A020001) 国家自然科学基金(11572279)资助
【分类号】：R687;R318.01

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