标记检测方法在医疗中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 04:53

本文选题：医疗系统　切入点：康复训练　出处：《华中科技大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：基于机器视觉的标记检测方法在工业控制、农业生产、国防建设等领域内都有广泛的应用，，但在医疗领域的应用相对比较少。针对目前医用体外冲击波碎石机在对肾脏结石患者进行结石定位过程中需要全程开启X射线对结石进行成像定位，会对病患和医护人员造成不必要的X射线的辐射的现状，以及中风病人康复训练方式缺乏自主性和趣味性等问题，利用机器视觉的原理，开发并设计了一套能够减少X射线辐射的冲击波碎石机辅助定位系统和通过游戏方式辅助中风病人进行康复训练的人机交互系统。在冲击波碎石机辅助定位系统中，采用大小相同且相邻的矩形格子作为标记，并使用Lucas-Kanade光流法检测标记上的角点，通过角点检测、角点跟踪和运动补偿等技术，将对结石的定位问题转化为标记的运动跟踪的问题，实现对结石的辅助定位功能。在中风病人康复治疗系统中，采用LED灯产生的光斑作为标记，通过阈值分割、质心提取的方法检测标记，该系统通过标记跟踪患肢的运动，使患肢能够进行康复训练，针对上下肢的康复训练，分别设计了单人足球游戏、乒乓球游戏和空气曲棍球游戏。通过临床实验，冲击波碎石机辅助定位系统能够较准确地实现辅助定位的功能，有效地减少了X射线辐射量；中风病人康复治疗系统能够让患者主动地运动上下肢体进行康复训练，增加了康复训练的乐趣。
[Abstract]:Marking detection methods based on machine vision have been widely used in industrial control, agricultural production, national defense construction and other fields. However, the application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor in the field of medical treatment is relatively few. In order to locate the stones in kidney stone patients with extracorporeal shock wave lithotriptor, it is necessary to turn on X-ray to locate the stones in the whole process. Problems such as unnecessary X-ray radiation to patients and health care workers, lack of autonomy and interest in rehabilitation training for stroke patients, and the use of the principles of machine vision, An auxiliary locating system of shock wave lithotriptor which can reduce X-ray radiation and a man-machine interaction system which can assist stroke patients with rehabilitation training by game are developed and designed. In the auxiliary positioning system of shock wave lithotriptor, the rectangular lattice of the same size and adjacent size is used as the mark, and the corner point on the mark is detected by Lucas-Kanade optical flow method, and the corner detection, corner tracking and motion compensation are adopted. The problem of stone location is transformed into the problem of tagged motion tracking, and the auxiliary location function of stone is realized. In the rehabilitation treatment system of stroke patients, the spot produced by LED lamp is used as the mark, and the threshold value is used to segment the stone. The method of centroid extraction is used to detect the marks. The system tracks the movement of the affected limbs through the markers, so that the affected limbs can be rehabilitated. For the rehabilitation training of the upper and lower limbs, the single player football game, the table tennis game and the air hockey game are designed respectively. Through clinical experiments, the auxiliary positioning system of shock wave lithotriptor can realize the function of auxiliary positioning more accurately, and effectively reduce the amount of X-ray radiation. The rehabilitation system for stroke patients enables them to exercise their upper and lower limbs actively, thus increasing the fun of rehabilitation training.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R319;TP391.41

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