骨缺损修复生物工程研究进展

发布时间：2018-03-19 00:14

本文选题：骨缺损　切入点：基因工程　出处：《中国骨质疏松杂志》2014年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：临床上对于骨缺损的治疗从截肢,自体骨、异体骨移植,到目前的生物活性材料、骨组织工程、基因工程治疗,依然没有能够彻底进行骨缺损修复的方法,这也一直是医学界关注和研究的热点。究其原因一方面是因为各种方法的技术水平还不完善如手术时间和方法掌握,生物活性材料的制作等,另一方面是因为骨缺损的局部反应较复杂如骨髓损伤较重,血运较差,断端存在的硬化反应等以及传统治疗后的并发症较多如免疫排斥较重,成骨作用不良,骨折不愈合,神经损伤长期引发的疼痛等,这些原因都在不同程度的制约骨缺损研究的前进。只有从骨的修复与生长机制出发,联合应用多种方法,相互补其不足,从中找到突破点,才能完善骨缺损修复,缩短治疗时间,提高病人的生活质量。本文简要描述自体和异体骨移植在治疗骨缺损时的优缺点,着重叙述骨组织工程与基因工程近年来的研究热点,包括生物材料的更新换代、目的细胞的种类增加、生长因子与基因载体的研究进展等,这其中探讨了生物修复骨缺损工程中两种方法各自的利弊,阐述两种工程联合应用的优缺互补,最后提出骨缺损治疗研究方向上的新思路与新问题。
[Abstract]:Clinical treatment for bone defects ranging from amputation, autogenous bone, allogeneic bone transplantation, to current bioactive materials, bone tissue engineering, gene engineering, still has not been able to complete the bone defect repair method. This has always been the focus of attention and research in the medical field. On the one hand, the reason is that the technical level of various methods is still not perfect, such as the operation time and method mastery, the production of bioactive materials, etc. On the other hand, the local reaction of bone defect is more complex, such as serious bone marrow injury, poor blood circulation, sclerosing reaction at the broken end, and complications after traditional treatment, such as serious immune rejection, poor osteogenesis, nonunion of fracture, etc. The pain caused by nerve injury for a long time, these reasons are restricting the progress of bone defect research in varying degrees. Only from the mechanism of bone repair and growth, combined use of a variety of methods, complement each other's shortcomings, and find a breakthrough point. This article briefly describes the advantages and disadvantages of autogenous and allogeneic bone grafts in the treatment of bone defects, and focuses on the recent research hotspots in bone tissue engineering and genetic engineering, in order to improve the repair of bone defects, shorten the treatment time and improve the quality of life of the patients. Including the replacement of biomaterials, the increase in the number of target cells, the progress of research on growth factors and gene vectors, etc., among which the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods in the bioremediation of bone defects are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of combined applications are described. Finally, new ideas and problems in the research direction of bone defect treatment are put forward.
【作者单位】：西藏民族学院医学院高原环境与疾病相关基因研究实验室生命科学基础实验室;
【分类号】：R318.0

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