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不同材料匹配人工髋关节的接触力学及润滑分析

发布时间:2018-03-26 21:32

  本文选题:不同材料匹配 切入点:行走步态 出处:《武汉科技大学》2012年硕士论文


【摘要】:在人工髋关节置换临床手术中获得广泛应用的关节材料主要有金属类,陶瓷类以及聚乙烯等。由于材料组配及相应的接触力学分析在关节生物制造工程中尤为重要,选用合理的材料组配有助于人工关节综合生物摩擦学性能的提高。本文将选取金属类的典型材料钴铬钼合金(CoCrMo),陶瓷类的典型材料氧化铝(Al2O3)以及聚乙烯(UHMWPE)材料作为研究对象,采取金属对金属(MOM)、金属对陶瓷(MOC)、陶瓷对陶瓷(COC)、陶瓷对聚乙烯(COP)、金属对聚乙烯(MOP)五组材料组配,对其进行相应的接触力学性能分析与比较,了解不同材料组配人工髋关节的摩擦、磨损性能,为关节生物制造工程提供参考依据。具体通过以下三个分析过程依次实现: (1)通过对不同材料匹配后的人工髋关节施加静态载荷,等效模拟人工髋关节受载后的接触效应,分析不同材料匹配人工髋关节在施加同等载荷情况下,各自的接触力学性能并对磨损进行预测。分析说明选择弹性模量过大或者过小的材料应用在人工髋关节上并不理想,通过实验所选择材料匹配的人工髋关节接触应力分析,从接触力学性能方面来考虑人工髋关节的磨损情况以及对人工髋关节的使用寿命影响,选用金属对金属(MOM)和金属对陶瓷(MOC)匹配的人工髋关节,可以获得更好的接触力学性能。 (2)根据人体正常行走步态情况,绘制人体髋关节在正常行走步态完整周期过程中承受的载荷曲线。通过有限元方法分析人工髋关节在正常行走步态下的接触应力分布情况,并根据人工髋关节接触界面上接触应力变化绘制接触应力曲线,按照人工髋关节界面的接触应力变化曲线,预测人体正常行走步态过程中最容易发生磨损的步态阶段。数值模拟表明,在人体正常行走步态周期中,出现单脚支撑身体的行走阶段,人工髋关节的接触界面最容易发生磨损。 (3)根据人体正常行走步态情况,髋关节承受的动态载荷及髋关节髋臼与股骨头之间的接触界面的相对滑动速度,编程离散处理Hamrock and Dowson的最小油膜厚度计算公式,来评定人体正常行走步态情况下人工髋关节接触界面的润滑状态,通过润滑效果来预测人工髋关节的接触界面在正常行走过程中的磨损情况。数值分析表明,,当人体在正常行走情况下,人体处于单脚支撑身体时,髋关节接触界面处于重载荷、低相对滑动速度,这个阶段接触界面之间的最小油膜厚度最小。如金属对金属(MOM)、陶瓷对陶瓷(COC)、金属对陶瓷(MOC)的硬质材料人工髋关节,润滑状态为混合润滑和边界润滑。以聚乙烯材料为髋臼的人工髋关节,润滑状态处于边界润滑状态。
[Abstract]:Get joint materials are metal widely used in artificial hip joint replacement surgery, ceramic and polyethylene. Due to the material composition and the corresponding contact mechanics analysis is particularly important in the joint bio manufacturing engineering, reasonable selection of materials with group help biotribological properties of artificial joint materials typical improved. Cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy this paper will select the type of metal (CoCrMo), a typical class of alumina ceramic materials (Al2O3) and polyethylene (UHMWPE) as the research object, take the metal on metal (MOM), metal ceramic (MOC), (COC) ceramics to ceramics, ceramic on polyethylene (COP), of metal polyethylene (MOP) group with five groups of materials, we analyzed and compared the contact mechanical properties corresponding to it, to understand the friction of different materials with artificial hip joint wear performance, provide the reference for the joint biological manufacturing engineering. The following three analysis processes are carried out in turn:
(1) by applying a static load on the artificial hip joint of different materials, the equivalent simulation of artificial hip joint contact load effect after the matching of artificial hip joint in the applied analysis of different materials under the same load, the contact mechanics and the wear performance of each forecast. Analysis shows that the choice of elastic modulus is too large or too material the application of small in the artificial hip joint is not ideal, the contact stress analysis of the selected artificial hip joint materials, and to consider the wear of artificial hip joint and the service life of the artificial hip joint effect from the contact mechanical properties, use of metal on metal (MOM) and metal ceramic (MOC) artificial hip joint, contact, can obtain better mechanical properties.
(2) according to the normal human walking gait, load curve of human hip joint under normal gait cycle process. Through the finite element analysis of artificial hip joint contact during normal walking gait of the stress distribution, and according to the artificial hip joint contact interface on the contact stress distribution of contact stress of drawing according to the curve, the artificial hip joint contact stress curve, prediction of human normal walking gait in the most prone to wear the gait phase. Numerical simulation shows that in normal human walking gait cycle, a single foot support body walking phase, the contact interface of artificial hip joint is most prone to wear.
(3) according to normal human gait, hip joints under dynamic load and contact interface between hip acetabulum and femoral head of the relative sliding speed, calculation formula of minimum film thickness Hamrock and Dowson discrete programming processing, to evaluate the lubrication state of contact interface of artificial hip joint for normal human walking state case to predict the wear of the contact interface of artificial hip joint in the normal process of walking through the lubrication effect. The numerical analysis shows that, when the body is in the normal operating conditions, the body is single foot support body, hip joint contact surface under heavy load, low sliding speed, the contact minimum oil film thickness of the interface between the minimum. Such as metal on metal ceramic on ceramic (MOM), (COC), metal ceramic (MOC) of the hard material of artificial hip joint, mixed lubrication lubrication and boundary lubrication with polyethylene. The alkene material is the artificial hip joint of the acetabulum, and the lubrication state is in the state of boundary lubrication.

【学位授予单位】:武汉科技大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2012
【分类号】:R318.1

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