膝关节力学性态的动力学模拟

发布时间：2018-03-27 23:39

本文选题：膝关节　切入点：三维模型　出处：《大连理工大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：生物力学是力学与生物学、生理学、医学等多种学科相互结合、相互渗透而形成的一门边缘交叉学科。它是解释生命及其他活动的力学,它从生物个体、组织、器官到细胞和分子不同层次研究应力与运动、变形、流动及生长的关系。关节炎是一种很常见的骨科疾病,其中膝关节炎患者占大多数。目前治疗关节炎最有效的手段就是进行人工关节置换,然而由于对膝关节的力学性态认识上的不足,医学界在膝关节手术上存在很多的分歧,如韧带损伤的治疗方案,假体的选择及摆放角度、手术中髌骨的处理等。人工膝关节置换术20年的翻修率高达15～20%左右,因此降低假体翻修率、优化假体设计等问题已经变得十分重要和突出。由于膝关节结构的包裹性,使得在体测量膝关节及其韧带的受力情况变得非常困难,因此人们发展了许多数学模型。然而由于这些模型比较简单,大都没有考虑韧带,肌肉与骨骼的相互作用,且大多是二维模型,有些三维模型并非基于真实的关节形状,并且计算结果相差很大。对于平地行走,弯曲,爬楼梯等典型的日常活动的动力分析尚没有统一的结论。本文的主要研究目的就是对膝关节的动力学特性进行数值模拟,包括平地行走,弯曲等典型的日常活动过程。并且分析了在不同的运动中韧带缺损对膝关节力学性态的影响。本文的研究可以加深对膝关节力学性态的认识,为膝关节手术中韧带的处理提供理论指导。在本文的研究中,通过应用美国BRG公司的生物力学建模与动力学仿真分析软件LifeMod,建立了人体下肢的动力学模型。并用该模型分析了人体在平地行走、下肢弯曲等运动过程中膝关节的动力学特性,并对这些运动过程中膝关节部分韧带缺损造成的影响进行了动力学分析。建立的膝关节模型包括股骨、胫骨、髌骨,四条主要韧带(ACL,PCL,MCL和LCL)及下肢主要肌肉。通过动力学分析表明,在下肢弯曲时,膝关节的最大接触力大小为2747N,最大韧带张力大小为492N,发生在LCL上;在平地行走时,膝关节的最大接触力大小为2644N,约为人体重的2.99倍(BW),最大韧带张力大小为595N,发生在MCL上。通过与参考文献比较,我们的计算结果与之基本相符,证明了我们的模型和方法的可靠性。
[Abstract]:Biomechanics is a marginal interdiscipline formed by the combination of mechanics and biology, physiology, medicine, etc. It is the mechanics that explains life and other activities. The relationship between stress and motion, deformation, flow and growth is studied at different levels from organ to cell and molecule. Arthritis is a very common orthopedic disease, in which knee arthritis patients account for the majority. At present, the most effective treatment for arthritis is artificial joint replacement. However, due to the lack of understanding of the mechanical state of the knee joint, There are many differences in knee surgery, such as the treatment of ligament injury, the selection and placement of prosthesis, the treatment of patella during the operation, and so on. The revision rate of knee arthroplasty in 20 years is as high as 1520%. Therefore, it has become very important and prominent to reduce the rate of prosthesis renovation and optimize the design of prosthesis. Because of the encapsulation of the structure of the knee joint, it is very difficult to measure the stress of the knee joint and its ligaments in vivo, so many mathematical models have been developed. However, because of the simplicity of these models, most of them do not consider the ligaments. Musculoskeletal interactions, mostly two-dimensional models, some of which are not based on real joint shapes, and the results vary considerably. There is no uniform conclusion on the dynamic analysis of typical daily activities such as climbing stairs. The main purpose of this paper is to simulate the dynamic characteristics of the knee joint, including walking on the ground. The effects of ligament defect on the mechanical behavior of knee joint in different sports are analyzed. The research in this paper can deepen the understanding of mechanical behavior of knee joint. To provide theoretical guidance for the management of ligaments in knee joint surgery. By using the biomechanical modeling and dynamics simulation software of BRG Company, the dynamic model of human lower extremity is established, and the dynamic characteristics of knee joint in the course of walking on flat ground and bending of lower extremity are analyzed. The effects of partial ligament defects in the knee joint during the exercise were analyzed. The models of knee joint included femur, tibia, patella, four major ligaments (ACL-PCL, MCL and LCLL) and the main muscles of lower extremity. The kinetic analysis shows that the maximum contact force and ligament tension of knee joint are 2747Nand 492Nrespectively, which occur on LCL, and when walking on flat ground, the maximum contact force of knee joint is 2747N and the maximum ligament tension is 492Nwhen the lower limb is bent. The maximum contact force of the knee joint is 2644N, about 2.99 times of the human body weight, and the maximum ligament tension is 595N. it occurs on MCL. The reliability of our model and method is proved.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：R318.01

【引证文献】