偏瘫步态代偿行走功能生物耦合机制研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 06:28

本文选题：偏瘫　切入点：步态分析　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类肢体受到损伤后，仍然具有行走功能，这种异常步态是由于多因素耦合总用而形成的，研究由于多因素耦合作用而形成的异常步态代偿行走功能的生物耦合机制，进而对生物耦合模型进行有效的预测，无论是在人机工程，还是在康复工程上都具有重要的意义。本文根据人体解剖学原理将人体下肢简化为七刚体铰接模型，采用VICON三维运动捕捉系统和KISTLER测力台搭建了步态分析实验系统，对偏瘫患者及正常人行走时的运动学数据和动力学数据进行了采集，通过对偏瘫患者健、患两侧以及正常人之间的运动学及动力学数据进行分析，发现与正常人相比偏瘫患者健患两侧的运动学数据和动力学数据均出现明显变化。通过运动学数据可知偏瘫患者健侧在一个完整的支撑相内所占的时间延长，而患者患侧的相应的支撑相时间则变短，这是由于为了使肢体前行，患者健侧肢体的代偿机制平衡了患者的不对称能力，从而健侧肢体支撑相所占比重增加；通过动力学数据可知，为了保持一个相对较好的步行能力，患者健侧出现膝、髋关节的屈伸力矩增大、踝关节的跖曲和背屈力矩减小等代偿性现象的变化。通过对髋-膝关节的屈伸运动耦合机制的分析可知，在一个完整的步态周期内，髋关节对人体前行起到了主要作用，，而膝关节主要是起到控制身体重心前移，减小地面对身体的冲击力的作用。正常人以及患者健、患两侧的髋-膝关节的屈伸运动均呈现近似的线性耦合特性；通过对髋-踝关节的屈伸运动耦合机制的分析可知，在一个完整的步态周期内，髋关节对人体前行起到了主要作用，而踝关节主要是起到推动肢体离开地面继续前移，以及在足跟着地时减小地面对身体的冲击力的作用。通过获得的人体股骨医学图像，并通过逆向工程软件建立其三维模型，采用有限元分析方法对在步态变化下的股骨应力变化情况及变形情况进行了分析，研究结果显示在偏瘫患者的健患两侧的应力和变形皆容易造成患者骨折以及患关节炎的几率增大。
[Abstract]:Human limbs still have walking function after being injured. This abnormal gait is formed by multifactor coupling. The biological coupling mechanism of abnormal gait compensatory walking function caused by multifactor coupling is studied.Furthermore, it is of great significance to predict the biological coupling model effectively, both in ergonomics and rehabilitation engineering.In this paper, according to the principle of human anatomy, the human lower limb is simplified into a seven-rigid-body hinge model, and a gait analysis experiment system is built by using VICON three-dimensional motion capture system and KISTLER force-measuring platform.The kinematics and dynamics data of hemiplegic patients and normal people walking were collected, and the kinematics and dynamics data of hemiplegic patients, both sides of hemiplegia and normal people were analyzed.It was found that the kinematic and dynamic data of hemiplegic patients were significantly different from those of normal subjects.Kinematics data show that the duration of the healthy side in a complete support phase is prolonged, while the corresponding support phase time of the affected side is shortened, because it is to enable the limb to move forward.The compensatory mechanism of the healthy limb balances the asymmetric ability of the patient, thus the proportion of the support phase of the healthy limb increases. According to the kinetic data, in order to maintain a relatively good walking ability, the healthy side of the patient appears knee.The flexion and extension torque of hip joint increases, and the metatarsal and dorsal flexion moment of ankle joint decrease the change of compensatory phenomenon.Through the analysis of the motion and flexion coupling mechanism of the hip and knee joint, it can be seen that in a complete gait cycle, the hip joint plays a major role in the movement of the human body, while the knee joint plays a major role in controlling the forward movement of the body's center of gravity.The role of reducing the impact of the face of the body.The flexion and extension motion of both sides of hip and knee joint in normal people and patients showed similar linear coupling characteristics, and by analyzing the mechanism of flexion and extension of hip and ankle joint, we can see that in a complete gait period,The hip joint plays a major role in moving the human body forward, while the ankle joint mainly plays the role of pushing the limb away from the ground and continuing to move forward, as well as reducing the impact force of the body when the foot follows the ground.Based on the medical images of human femur, the 3D model was established by reverse engineering software, and the stress and deformation of femur under gait change were analyzed by finite element method.The results showed that stress and deformation on both sides of hemiplegia patients were more likely to lead to fracture and arthritis.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.01

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