应用于表面阵列电极的可编程多通道刺激器的研制

发布时间：2018-04-30 23:10

本文选题：功能电刺激 + 表面电极阵列　；参考：《华中科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：功能性电刺激(Functional Electrical Stimulation，FES)是指利用低频电流脉冲刺激患者的一组或者多组的失去神经控制的肌肉，使其收缩或者舒张，用以替代部分受损神经或者模拟正常的肌肉自主运动，使其重建丧失的功能和修复受损功能。表面式电刺激是功能性电刺激的一种，具有使用方便简单、可避免外科手术等优点。目前，常见的表面式电刺激器的通道数多为单通道或双通道，部分产品为四或八通道。表面阵列电极（surface array electrodes）是近年由电极阵列发展而来的一种新的表面式电刺激技术，在改进刺激选择性和控制能力方面具有优越性能。多通道电刺激器是功能性电刺激和表面阵列电极研究的实验平台，能为为研究刺激选择性、优化刺激参数等提供设备基础。因此，多通道刺激器的研究对于探索功能康复新疗法具有重要的意义，能极大促进工程技术、医学研究及临床康复的互动。本课题研制一种应用于表面阵列电极的多通道电刺激器，能同时输出多达24路刺激信号。本文在功能性电刺激的电生理原理和上一代刺激器的基础上，设计多通道便携式刺激器。该刺激器以通用IO口的C8051F020为控制核心，能对二十四路输出通道进行独立控制，每个通道的刺激脉冲参数和波形单独可调。整个系统采用液晶屏和薄膜键盘作为人机交互接口，界面友好，，操作方便。系统的硬件分为MCU控制器、隔离电源模块、数模转换器、幅值计算和放大电路、人机界面五个部分。MCU控制器作为核心部件，将刺激脉冲幅值编码写入数模转换模块，输出有极性低电压刺激波形，在经过幅值转换和放大电路，形成无极性高电压的最终刺激波形，和表面电极连接，用于人体康复。而高性能的隔离电源的使用使得整个刺激器在医用设备的安全性上大为提升。刺激器使用Silicon Labs软件为开发界面，通过软件控制数模转换器和各个硬件模块的协同工作，得到目标波形。刺激器小巧轻便，加强了便携性。设计完成后，对刺激器进行了基本的性能测试。刺激脉冲幅值0~+15V可调，刺激频率为28.1Hz，刺激相脉冲为300μs，负载能力满足要求，达到设计要求。刺激器后期可以和阵列电极的优化仿真结合，用于动物和人体实验。
[Abstract]:Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) refers to the use of low frequency current pulses to stimulate a group of patients with a group or group of muscles that have lost control of the nerve and make them contractive or diastolic to replace partially damaged nerves or to simulate normal muscle autonomy to reconstruct the lost function and repair the damaged function. Surface electrical stimulation is a kind of functional electrical stimulation, which has the advantages of easy to use and easy to avoid surgery. At present, the number of common surface electric stimulators is a single channel or double channel, and some products are four or eight channels. The surface array electrode (surface array electrodes) is a kind of electrode array developed in recent years. The new surface electrical stimulation technology has excellent performance in improving the selectivity and control ability. The multi-channel electric stimulator is the experimental platform for the functional electrical stimulation and the surface array electrode research. It can provide the basis for the study of the stimulus selectivity and the optimization of the stimulus parameters. Therefore, the research of the multi-channel stimulator is explored. The functional rehabilitation therapy is of great significance. It can greatly promote the interaction of engineering, medical research and clinical rehabilitation. This topic develops a multi channel electrical stimulator applied to the surface array electrode, which can output up to 24 stimulus signals simultaneously.
On the basis of the electrophysiological principle of functional electrical stimulation and the last generation of stimulator, this paper designs a multi-channel portable stimulator. The stimulator takes the C8051F020 of the general IO port as the control core and can control the twenty-four channel output channels independently. The impulse parameters and waveforms of each channel are adjustable separately. The whole system uses a liquid crystal screen. The system's hardware is divided into MCU controller, isolation power module, digital to analog converter, digital analog converter, amplitude calculation and amplification circuit, five parts.MCU controller of man-machine interface as the core component, and the stimulation pulse amplitude coding is written into the digital module conversion module, and the output has polar low voltage spines. Shock wave form, through the amplitude conversion and amplification circuit, form the ultimate stimulation waveform with high voltage without polarity and high voltage, which is connected with the surface electrode for human recovery. The use of high performance isolation power makes the whole stimulator greatly improve the safety of medical equipment. The stimulator makes Silicon Labs software development interface, through software control. The DMU and the hardware modules work together to get the target waveform. The stimulator is compact and portable, and enhances portability.
After the design is completed, the basic performance test of the stimulator is carried out. The stimulation pulse amplitude 0~+15V can be adjusted, the stimulation frequency is 28.1Hz, the stimulation phase pulse is 300 mu s, the load capacity meets the requirement, and the design requirements are met. The late stimulator can be combined with the optimization simulation of the array electrode in the later period of the stimulator, which is used in the animal and human experiments.

【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.1

【参考文献】