行为决策与脑电波特征分析

发布时间：2018-05-13 05:18

本文选题：行为决策 + 博弈行为　；参考：《温州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：行为决策与我们每个人的生活息息相关,是人类生活中一项基本的活动。上至国家政策的制定,下至个体的日常生活都会涉及到行为决策活动。脑电波(Electroencephalogram, EEG)是大脑在活动时,大量神经元同步发生的突触后电位经总和后形成的。它记录大脑活动时的电波变化,是脑神经细胞的电生理活动在大脑皮层或头皮表面的总体反映。目前用脑科学的方法研究行为决策已经取得初步的成果,包括经济行为决策和博弈行为决策在脑电波上的反应和特征。本文在之前研究的基础上对行为决策在脑电波上的反应及特征做进一步的研究。通过制定博弈决策实验方案和逃生决策模型来更加系统研究行为决策,并结合在此行为决策上脑电波的反应和特征做进一步的研究和说明。基于此,本论文从以下三个部分开展研究工作:1、制定博弈决策实验方案,通过系统的奖惩实验来判断当人们得与失的时候在脑电波上的反应与特征,并指出在大脑哪个区域是参与决策的主要部分以及人们在做选择时脑电波的特征。结果表明,前额叶区域是大脑参与决策的主要部分,损失相比收益来说对此大脑区域造成的影响更加强烈。2、恐慌是逃生行为中一个重要的心理行为,不同的恐慌程度会对逃生效率产生较大的影响。为了研究不同的恐慌状态在脑电波上的反应及特征我们设置三种不同的情景分别为正常情景、火灾情景和放松情景,并在着三种不同的情景下分别引发出被试的正常状态、恐慌状态和放松状态。被试在这三种不同的状态下由Oddball实验中的靶刺激引发出不同状态下的P300,通过对P300特征的分析,结果表明恐慌状态下P300的潜伏期提前而放松状态下P300的潜伏期推迟。3、建立逃生决策模型,本文通过仿真模拟建立疏散模型。在模型中引入恐慌参数的概念,恐慌参数值越高表明恐慌程度越高。在不同的恐慌状态下行人表现出不同逃生行为。恐慌参数表明行人在逃生中的恐慌程度,研究表明恐慌程度既不是越高越好也不是越低越好,而是在相对一个适度的恐慌状态下能够积极有序的疏散并使逃生效率达到最佳。本文通过对以上三部分内容的系统研究,将行为决策与脑科学结合起来,用脑电波来测量不同的决策下脑电波的反应及特征具有重要的意义。其研究结果使我们能够更好的从大脑机制出发来理解行为决策。博弈行为决策中通过对脑电信号的分析使我们了解到大脑在参与决策过程中对不同区域所产生的影响。在逃生行为决策分析的过程中,能够使我们制定更佳的逃生策略,并能够使我们更加清楚的认识到恐慌状态对脑电波产生的影响。本文的研究内容和结果对下一步的相关研究也将具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Behavioral decision-making is closely related to the life of each of us and is a basic activity in human life. From the formulation of national policy to the daily life of individuals, it involves behavioral decision-making activities. Electroencephalograms (EGG) are formed by the sum of postsynaptic potentials of a large number of neurons in the brain. It records changes in electrical waves during brain activity and is a general reflection of the electrophysiological activity of brain nerve cells on the surface of the cerebral cortex or scalp. At present, the method of brain science has been used to study behavioral decision making, including the reaction and characteristics of economic behavior decision and game behavior decision on brain wave. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a further study on the response and characteristics of behavioral decision making on brain waves. By making the experimental scheme of game decision and the model of escape decision, the behavior decision is studied more systematically, and the reaction and characteristics of brain wave in this behavior decision are further studied and explained. Based on this, this paper carries out research work from the following three parts: 1, formulates the game decision experiment scheme, through the systematic reward and punishment experiment to judge the reaction and the characteristic of the brain wave when people get and lose. It also points out which part of the brain is the main part of decision-making and the characteristics of brain waves when people make choices. The results showed that the prefrontal region was the main part of the brain involved in decision-making, and that loss had a stronger effect on the brain region than income. Panic was an important psychological behavior in escape behavior. Different levels of panic can have a greater impact on escape efficiency. In order to study the response and characteristics of different panic states on brain waves, we set up three different scenarios: normal scenario, fire scenario and relaxation scenario. Panic and relaxation. In these three different states, the target stimuli in the Oddball experiment led to P300 in different states, and the characteristics of P300 were analyzed. The results show that the latency of P300 in panic state is earlier than that in relaxed state. The decision model of escape is established, and the evacuation model is established by simulation in this paper. The concept of panic parameter is introduced into the model, and the higher the panic parameter value is, the higher the panic degree is. In different panic states, pedestrians show different escape behavior. Panic parameters indicate the degree of panic in the escape of pedestrians. Research shows that the degree of panic is not the higher the better or the lower the better, but in a relatively moderate state of panic can actively and orderly evacuation and achieve the best escape efficiency. In this paper, through the systematic study of the above three parts, it is of great significance to combine behavioral decision making with brain science, and to measure the responses and characteristics of brain waves under different decisions by using brain waves. The findings enable us to better understand behavioral decisions in terms of brain mechanisms. Through the analysis of EEG in game behavior decision making, we can understand the influence of brain on different regions in the process of decision making. In the process of decision analysis of escape behavior, we can make a better escape strategy, and can make us understand more clearly the effect of panic state on brain waves. The research content and result of this paper will also have certain reference value to the next related research.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R318

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