体表内部虚拟超谱图的初步研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 23:32

本文选题：超谱图 + 虚拟　；参考：《天津大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：皮肤位于机体表面,保护内部组织免受外界刺激的伤害,也可作为反映全身状况的窗口。皮肤的异常或疾病不仅影响到人们的正常生活,更有可能威胁到人类的生命。光学方法在皮肤疾病的无创检测中具有重要作用,针对当前检测方法中存在的光谱技术检测缺少组织的结构信息、图像技术检测缺少组织的成分信息、高光谱技术检测缺少结构和成分的交互信息以及探测深度较浅等不足,本课题从组织中光传输的“香蕉”模型的基本理论,提出了体表内部虚拟超谱图(VIHBS)技术,该技术通过构造组织位置、波长和光强的关系曲线,可同时获得组织的光谱和“图像”信息,反映组织内部成分和结构的变化。为消除VIHBS检测中环境光的影响和抑制暗仪器电流,本课题采用了调制光源技术。首先搭建了VIHBS检测系统。系统主要包括调制光源、水平电控平移台、光谱仪和PC机,可实现VIHBS数据的自动采集存贮的功能。调制光源设计包括机械斩光器和上位机串口通信系统的设计,为整个实验系统提供操作简单的调制输入光信号。水平电控平移台由移动机械结构和移动控制系统组成,实现光纤探测器一定的线性范围内的可控的往返移动。上位机软件采用LabVIEW语言开发,上位机和下位机通过串口通信控制平移台的状态,并完成光谱数据采集。然后对VIHBS系统进行了稳定性测试。本课题对VIHBS技术的可行性、调制技术的有效性以及VIHBS初步应用进行了实验研究。在VIHBS可行性实验中,通过比较正常苹果和人为掺杂质的苹果的VIHBS特性,实现有效的区分和定位,并证明了VIHBS技术的分类效果优于反射光谱。在调制光源的测试中,人为添加杂散光干扰,对比调制前后VIHBS图像,证明了调制方法可以有效消除环境干扰的影响,抑制仪器暗电流。最后对VIHBS技术进行了初步研究,采用调制光源,以猪肉为实验对象,构造猪肉结构和成分变化的模拟实验,通过VIHBS技术进行分析表明,在可见光范围内VIHBS技术初步实现了猪肉中异物(红色滤光片)的定位检测;以及在近红外波段实现对注入强散射杂质脂肪乳的猪肉的筛查作用。今后,随着研究的深入,采用统计学以及数据挖掘手段,把VIHBS数据与组织的一种或多种特征相对应,实现VIHBS结构和成分信息的同时处理,应用于人体皮肤组织内部结构和成分变化的早期诊断,将会具有很好的临床应用前景。
[Abstract]:Skin is located on the surface of the body and protects the internal tissue from external irritation. It also serves as a window to reflect the state of the body. Skin abnormalities or diseases not only affect people's normal life, but also threaten human life. Optical method plays an important role in noninvasive detection of skin diseases. The technology of hyperspectral detection lacks the interactive information of structure and composition, and the detection depth is shallow. Based on the basic theory of "banana" model of light transmission in tissue, a virtual hyperspectral image (VIHBS) technique is proposed in this paper. By constructing the relationship curves of the position, wavelength and intensity of the tissue, the spectral and "image" information of the tissue can be obtained at the same time, which reflects the changes of the internal composition and structure of the tissue. In order to eliminate the influence of ambient light in VIHBS detection and suppress the current of dark instrument, modulation light source technology is adopted in this paper. First, the VIHBS detection system is built. The system mainly includes modulated light source, horizontal electronic control translation table, spectrometer and PC, which can realize the function of automatic acquisition and storage of VIHBS data. The design of modulation light source includes the design of mechanical chopper and serial port communication system of host computer, which provides a simple modulation input optical signal for the whole experimental system. The horizontal electrically controlled translation platform is composed of a mobile mechanical structure and a mobile control system, which realizes the controllable and round-trip movement of the optical fiber detector in a certain linear range. The upper computer software is developed by LabVIEW language. The upper computer and the lower computer control the status of the translation table through serial communication, and complete the spectral data acquisition. Then the stability of VIHBS system is tested. The feasibility of VIHBS technology, the effectiveness of modulation technology and the preliminary application of VIHBS are studied experimentally. In the feasibility experiment of VIHBS, by comparing the VIHBS characteristics of normal apple and artificially doped apple, we can distinguish and locate effectively, and prove that the classification effect of VIHBS technology is better than that of reflection spectrum. In the test of modulation light source, the VIHBS images before and after modulation are compared by adding stray light interference. It is proved that the modulation method can effectively eliminate the influence of environmental interference and suppress the dark current of the instrument. Finally, the VIHBS technology is studied preliminarily. The structure and composition of pork are simulated by using modulated light source and pork as experimental object. The results of VIHBS analysis show that, The localization of foreign body (red filter) in pork was preliminarily realized by VIHBS in the visible range, and the screening of pork injected with strong scattering impurity fat emulsion was realized in near infrared band. In the future, with the development of the research, the VIHBS data can be matched with one or more features of the organization by means of statistics and data mining to realize the simultaneous processing of VIHBS structure and component information. Application in early diagnosis of changes in internal structure and composition of human skin tissue will have a good clinical application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R310

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