液氮低温微创冷冻刀设计与实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 04:17

本文选题：液氮 + 刀尖　；参考：《重庆大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：癌症肿瘤是对人类存活形成严重威胁的几种疾病之一，即使目前癌症患者的死亡率明显降低，但治疗此类疾病的手段带来的身体消瘦、精神抑郁等问题会给患者的生理和心理产生诸多问题，也为其家庭和社会增加了负担。微创冷冻方法在治疗癌症肿瘤等疾病方面正不断得到医学界的广泛关注和重视。目前，在外科所使用的癌症治疗方法中，微创冷冻疗法以其治疗成本低、手术创口小、操作简单方便等优点逐渐受到医护人员和患者的认可。本设计的目的是研究和开发出一种运用液氮和热空气来实现冷冻与消融，并达到微创、低成本、患者短时间恢复健康的外科治疗设备。本文将在液氮低温微创冷冻刀的搭建、软硬件设计、实际工作方案的确定、冷热交替过程的技术指标、离体猪肝组织的冷热消融实验等方面进行研究： ①根据低温微创冷冻刀监测和控制的需求，完成冷冻刀硬件模块设计和各个控制单元的整合； ②研究微创冷冻刀刀杆外壁在冷冻和复温过程不对正常组织造成伤害的工作方案，，并在当前的实验条件下，对所选方案进行验证； ③依据所构建的低温冷冻刀结构进行各个硬件模块的搭建、控制程序的设计等，实现对冷冻过程与复温过程的监测和控制，并实时显示整个治疗过程中测压点和测温点的值。 ④对微创冷冻刀进行测试，对设计指标进行验证，并分析其实际工作需要，同时进行离体组织实验，研究其在冷热消融过程的综合性能。本设计为智能化液氮微创冷冻系统的进一步研究打下了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:Cancer tumours are one of several diseases that pose a serious threat to human survival, and even though the mortality rate of cancer patients is now significantly reduced, the means of treatment for these diseases result in a loss of weight. Mental depression and other problems will cause a lot of physical and psychological problems, and increase the burden on their families and society. Minimally invasive cryotherapy has been paid more and more attention in the treatment of cancer, tumor and other diseases. At present, minimally invasive cryotherapy has been recognized by medical staff and patients for its advantages of low cost, small surgical wound and easy operation. The purpose of this design is to study and develop a surgical treatment device that uses liquid nitrogen and hot air to achieve cryotherapy and ablation, and to achieve minimally invasive, low-cost, and short-term recovery of patients. In this paper, the construction of liquid nitrogen cryogenic minimally invasive chiller, the design of hardware and software, the determination of practical work scheme, the technical index of the process of cold and heat alternate, and the experiment of cold and heat ablation of pig liver in vitro are studied. 1 according to the requirement of monitoring and control of cryogenic minimally invasive chilled knife, the hardware module design of chiller and the integration of each control unit are completed; (2) to study the work plan that the outer wall of the microinvasive chilled knife rod does not cause damage to normal tissue during freezing and rewarming, and the selected scheme is verified under the current experimental conditions; 3According to the structure of the cryogenic knife, the hardware module and control program are designed to monitor and control the freezing process and the rewarming process, and to display the values of the pressure point and the temperature measuring point in the whole treatment process in real time. (4) the microinvasive chilled knife was tested, the design index was verified, and the actual working requirement was analyzed. At the same time, the in vitro tissue experiment was carried out to study its comprehensive performance in the process of cold and hot ablation. This design has laid a solid foundation for the further research of intelligent liquid nitrogen micro-invasive refrigeration system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R318.6

【参考文献】