原位静电纺丝喷敷医用胶纤维在硬脑膜封闭和肾脏止血的应用

发布时间：2018-05-24 06:53

本文选题：静电纺丝 + 医用胶　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：静电纺丝技术是一种简单高效、可大规模制备连续、均匀的一维纳米纤维的方法。利用静电纺丝技术制备的聚合物纳米纤维具有高比表面积和高孔隙率等优良特性,近年来受到国内外科研人员的广泛关注。α-氰基丙烯酸酯类医用胶是一种快速粘合的医用胶粘剂,具有粘合强度高、耐水性好、生物降解性等优点。聚合原理简述为医用胶单体在阴离子作用下,发生快速聚合反应形成致密薄膜对伤口进行封闭。传统的医用胶涂抹给药方式用药量较大,而且容易造成组织粘连,只适用于体外伤口,对于硬脑膜、肾脏等软组织伤口的封闭有着明显的缺陷。本文利用自主设计的新型便携式静电纺丝装置成功制备出医用胶微纳米纤维,探究医用胶纤维在快速止血、伤口封闭等领域的新应用。针对现有的医用胶涂抹给药方式存在的诸多不足,我们利用静电纺丝技术结合气流引导设计了一种静电纺丝/喷涂装置。我们首先利用静电纺丝技术成功制备了医用胶微纳米纤维,纺丝过程中无需添加其他有机溶剂,电纺制备出纯医用胶微纳米纤维。在此基础上,对传统静电纺丝装置进行加工改造,引入气流辅助纺丝的同时,实现医用胶微纳米纤维能够定向沉积,极大避免了颅脑手术过程中发生的组织粘连问题。通过改变医用胶的微观结构,对医用胶与器官组织的界面性质也得到了大幅提高。在体外模拟实验过程中,医用胶微纳米纤维膜展现出良好的柔韧性和显著的封闭效果。与此同时,气流辅助静电纺丝/喷涂装置解决了药物沉积不定向问题,避免了术后的组织粘连问题,极大缓解了患者术后的痛苦。我们还以鸡蛋和羊脑为模型,进行了体外模拟修补硬脑膜的实验,对设备的稳定性与可靠性进行了检验和评价。进一步地,以肾脏创面为模型,利用气流引导静电纺丝/喷涂装置,在肾脏创面原位喷敷医用胶微纳米纤维,成功实现了肾脏创面快速止血。该方法避免了医用胶临床使用时存在的栓塞和粘管风险,成功解决了不定向性和用药量难以控制的难题。
[Abstract]:Electrostatic spinning is a simple and efficient method for preparing continuous and uniform one-dimensional nanofibers on a large scale. The polymer nanofibers prepared by electrospinning have excellent properties such as high specific surface area and high porosity. In recent years, the medical adhesive of 伪 -cyanoacrylate is a kind of medical adhesive, which has the advantages of high adhesive strength, good water resistance, biodegradability and so on. The polymerization principle is described as the rapid polymerization of the medical rubber monomer under the action of anion to form a dense film to seal the wound. The traditional medical glue smear and administration method uses a large amount of medicine, and easy to cause tissue adhesion, only suitable for external wound, for the dura mater, kidney and other soft tissue wound closure has obvious defects. In this paper, a new type of portable electrostatic spinning device designed by ourselves has been successfully used to prepare medical glue microfibers, and to explore the new applications of medical glue fibers in the field of rapid hemostasis and wound sealing. In view of the shortcomings of the existing medical glue smear and dispensing methods, we designed an electrostatic spinning / spraying device by using electrostatic spinning technology combined with airflow guidance. At first, we successfully prepared medical adhesive microfibers by electrospinning technology. In the process of spinning, pure medical adhesive microfibers were prepared by electrospinning without adding other organic solvents. On the basis of this, the traditional electrostatic spinning device was modified, and the air-assisted spinning was introduced. At the same time, the medical glue micro-nanofibers could be deposited directional, which greatly avoided the problem of tissue adhesion in the process of craniocerebral surgery. By changing the microstructure of medical adhesive, the interfacial properties of medical glue and organ tissue were greatly improved. In vitro simulation experiment, medical adhesive microfiber film showed good flexibility and remarkable sealing effect. At the same time, the air-assisted electrostatic spinning / spraying device solves the problem of drug deposition misorientation, avoids the problem of tissue adhesion after operation, and greatly alleviates the postoperative pain of patients. The model of egg and sheep brain was used to simulate the repair of dura mater in vitro. The stability and reliability of the equipment were tested and evaluated. Furthermore, taking the kidney wound as a model and using airflow guided electrostatic spinning / spraying device, the medical glue microfiber was sprayed in the kidney wound in situ, and the rapid hemostasis of the kidney wound was realized successfully. This method avoids the risk of embolization and tube adhesion in clinical use of medical glue, and successfully solves the problems of indirectionality and difficult to control the amount of medicine used.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R318.08

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