原位静电纺丝技术在生物医学领域的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 08:36

本文选题：原位静电纺丝技术 + 纳米止血　；参考：《青岛大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：静电纺纳米纤维材料具有不同于普通纤维材料的纳米尺度、比表面积大、孔径小等优良特性,在生物医疗、储能催化、环境治理、航空航天等领域有着广阔的实际应用前景。静电纺丝法是一种基于高压静电连续生产纳米纤维的简单技术,该方法简单高效、生产成本较低、改造加工性强,是近年来纳米技术的研究热点之一。原位静电纺丝技术在充分发挥静电纺纳米纤维优良特性的基础上,结合便携式静电纺丝装置使用灵活的优势,在生物医学领域展现出广泛的应用前景和巨大的发展潜力。本论文拟利用自主设计的便携式静电纺丝装置,探索原位静电纺丝技术在生物医学方面的应用。本论文主要由以下三部分组成:(1)针对医用胶涂抹给药存在的用药量大、给药范围不确定的缺陷,我们设计了一种静电纺丝喷涂装置,通过在传统静电纺丝装置上添加辅助气流实现了医用胶纤维的定向、定点精确沉积。与传统的涂抹给药方式相比,医用胶纳米纤维化不仅有助于提升粘合强度,而且用药量仅为涂抹给药的1/6,显著降低了医用胶的毒副作用。此外,医用胶纤维定向沉积,有效避免了组织粘连问题,预防组织的感染,促进伤口愈合。(2)静电纺纳米纤维无纺布在医用敷料领域应用十分广泛,高比表面积、三维网状结构和高孔隙率能够显著加快伤口愈合速度。我们利用自主设计的便携式手持静电纺丝装置在伤口表面原位喷敷纳米纤维抗菌敷料。纺丝液中掺杂硅载银纳米颗粒使得纳米纤维具敷料有广谱抗菌性能。这种原位喷敷的纳米纤维敷料不受突发急救现场环境以及伤口面积、部位的限制,可以随时随地实施治疗。本方法在发挥纳米纤维敷料优势的基础上,结合便携式手持静电纺丝装置,携带方便,操作灵活,在战场、交通事故及突发的急性创伤救治方面有着良好的应用前景。(3)传统单针头静电纺丝装置制备纳米纤维的产量极低,严重阻碍了静电纺丝技术从实验室研究走向产业化应用的发展推广。无针头静电纺丝技术克服了纺丝喷头的数量限制,极大提高了纳米纤维产量,为静电纺丝技术产业化发展打下了坚实基础。目前采用滚筒电极或者线电极的大规模静电纺丝设备已经用于产业化生产。我们主要介绍了当前静电纺丝技术的产业化发展现状,重点介绍了几种代表性的新型无针头静电纺丝装置,并对目前市场上销售的静电纺丝产业化生产设备以及日常生活中使用的纳米纤维产品进行了调研。
[Abstract]:Electrospun nanofibers have many excellent properties, such as large specific surface area and small pore size, which are different from ordinary fiber materials. They have wide application prospects in biomedicine, energy storage catalysis, environmental control, aerospace and other fields. Electrostatic spinning is a simple technology for the continuous production of nanofibers based on high voltage electrostatic. It is one of the research hotspots of nanotechnology in recent years. On the basis of giving full play to the fine characteristics of electrospun nanofibers and combining the flexible advantages of portable electrostatic spinning devices, in situ electrospinning technology has shown a wide range of applications and great potential in the field of biomedicine. The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of in situ electrospinning technology in biomedicine by using a portable electrostatic spinning device designed by ourselves. This paper mainly consists of the following three parts: (1) in view of the defects of large amount of medicine and uncertain range of administration of medical glue smear, we have designed an electrostatic spinning spraying device. The orientation and precise deposition of medical glue fibers were realized by adding auxiliary airflow to the traditional electrostatic spinning device. Compared with the traditional smear administration, the nano-fibrosis of medical glue not only helps to improve the adhesive strength, but also uses only 1 / 6 of the dosage of the smear, which significantly reduces the toxic and side effects of medical glue. In addition, the directional deposition of medical glue fibers effectively avoids the problem of tissue adhesion, prevents tissue infection, and promotes wound healing.) Electrospun nanofiber nonwoven fabrics are widely used in the field of medical dressings, with high specific surface area. Three-dimensional reticular structure and high porosity can significantly accelerate wound healing. We used a portable hand-held electrostatic spinning device to spray nano-fiber antibacterial dressing on wound surface in situ. The doped silver-loaded silver nanoparticles in the spinning solution make the nanofibers have broad spectrum antibacterial properties. This in-situ sprayed nanofiber dressing can be treated anywhere and anytime without being limited by the emergency scene, the area and the location of the wound. Based on the advantages of nano-fiber dressing and portable hand-held electrostatic spinning device, the method is convenient to carry, flexible in operation and in battlefield. Traffic accidents and sudden acute trauma have a good prospect of application. (3) the production of nanofibers prepared by traditional single needle electrostatic spinning device is extremely low. It seriously hinders the development and popularization of electrostatic spinning technology from laboratory research to industrial application. The technology of needle free electrostatic spinning overcomes the limitation of the number of spinners and greatly increases the output of nanofibers, which lays a solid foundation for the industrialization of electrostatic spinning technology. At present, large-scale electrostatic spinning equipment using drum electrode or wire electrode has been used in industrial production. We mainly introduced the current status of the industrialization of electrostatic spinning technology, focusing on the introduction of several representative new type of needle free electrostatic spinning device. The production equipment of electrostatic spinning and the nanofiber products used in daily life were investigated.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R318.0;TB383.1

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