面向听觉神经系统检测的听觉稳态反应研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 12:19

本文选题：听觉神经系统 + 听觉稳态反应　；参考：《清华大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：听觉稳态反应（ASSR）是由周期性刺激声音诱发的头皮脑电信号，其特点是在较长时段内刺激频率对应的诱发成分能保持振幅和相位恒定，，一般认为整个听觉神经系统均与ASSR有关联。听觉神经系统除承担声音感知、认知外，也是一条外部信息输入通路，输入信息在中枢神经系统解码、分析的过程中伴随神经电活动，传导到头皮形成诱发脑电信号。本文从大脑的听觉神经系统生理结构入手，系统地研究了听觉稳态反应用于检测各级神经中枢功能活动的可行性。听觉稳态反应在听力检测、麻醉检测领域已有应用，本论文提出了基于ASSR测量进行临床听觉相关脑功能与认知功能分析，并通过若干实验研究验证其可行性。本文首先搭建了适合实验室与临床的听觉稳态反应检测平台。研究了提高ASSR的检测效率方法，通过对比分析筛选出最佳chirp信号作为ASSR的刺激声。该信号的特点是能够同时有效激励耳蜗不同频率神经元。结合改进的相位分析方法进行ASSR检出应用，将幅度信息、先验相位与相位分布统计综合分析，在一定程度上缩短检测时间并提高了准确率。ASSR的频率、幅度、相位与神经系统功能有着密切相关性。当各级神经组织发生病变或异常，诱发脑电信号将出现相应的变化，通过分析变化的趋势、程度，可获得神经系统功能状态，可以为临床诊疗提供依据。在脑听觉功能临床检测中，通过对脑干损伤患者以及全麻患者ASSR分析表明，40Hz和90Hz的ASSR的信号幅度分别对脑干损伤和皮层脑功能抑制较为敏感。以刺激强度与ASSR反应幅度的线性关系为特征，可实现脑干损伤与皮层功能抑制的有效分类，为临床快速判断损伤部位提供定位参考。研究将gamma频段ASSR应用于临床听力认知功能检测，提出幅度调制下的正反语音的刺激模式，并结合脑网络分析与图论分析方法。探讨了正常受试与幻听受试在听力认知过程中ASSR的能量分布与脑网络连接出现明显的差异性，结果解释了幻听症状可能的神经病理，表明ASSR可作为认知研究的探针，有助于对大脑的听觉认知功能进行定量分析。总之，基于ASSR的听觉神经系统检测方法具有时间分辨率高、检测时间短、定位快、系统便携的特点，能够与传统检测方法形成互补，有望在听觉相关的脑科学研究与临床应用上发挥重要作用。
[Abstract]:Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a scalp brain electrical signal induced by periodic stimuli. It is characterized by the constant amplitude and phase of the evoked components corresponding to the stimulus frequency in a long period of time. It is generally believed that the whole auditory nervous system is associated with the ASSR. The auditory nervous system is also an external one, in addition to sound perception and cognition. In the information input channel, the input information is decoded in the central nervous system, and the process of analysis is accompanied by nerve electrical activity, and the conduction to scalp induces evoked EEG signals.
This paper, starting with the physiological structure of the auditory nervous system of the brain, systematically studies the feasibility of the auditory steady state reaction used to detect the functional activities of the nerve center at all levels. The auditory steady-state response has been applied in the field of hearing detection and anesthesia detection. This paper presents an analysis of the clinical auditory related brain function and cognitive function based on ASSR measurement. In this paper, we set up an auditory steady-state response detection platform which is suitable for laboratory and clinic. The method of improving the detection efficiency of ASSR is studied and the best chirp signal is selected as the stimulus of ASSR by comparison and analysis. The special point of this signal is to effectively stimulate the different frequency of cochlea at the same time. Neuron.
Combined with the improved phase analysis method, the ASSR detection is applied. The amplitude information, the prior phase and the phase distribution are analyzed synthetically, and the detection time is shortened to a certain extent and the frequency of the accuracy rate of.ASSR is improved. The amplitude and phase are closely related to the function of the nervous system. The electrical signals will change accordingly. By analyzing the trend and degree of change, the functional state of the nervous system can be obtained, which can provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the clinical detection of brain auditory function, the ASSR analysis of patients with brain stem injury and general anesthesia patients shows that the amplitude of 40Hz and 90Hz's ASSR signals are respectively on brain stem injury and cortex brain, respectively. The function inhibition is more sensitive. With the linear relationship between the intensity of stimulation and the amplitude of ASSR reaction, it can realize the effective classification of brain stem injury and cortical function inhibition, and provide the location reference for the clinical rapid judgment of the injury site. The gamma band ASSR is applied to the detection of cognitive function in the clinical hearing, and the positive and negative speech under amplitude modulation is proposed. The stimulation model, combined with the brain network analysis and graph theory analysis, explores the obvious difference between the ASSR energy distribution and the brain network connection in the auditory cognitive process between normal subjects and auditory subjects. The results explain the possible neuropathology of the auditory hallucination symptoms, indicating that ASSR can be used as a probe for cognitive research and is helpful to the hearing of the brain. Quantitative analysis of cognitive function.
In a word, the ASSR based auditory neural system detection method has the characteristics of high time resolution, short detection time, fast positioning, and portable system, which can complement the traditional detection methods. It is expected to play an important role in the research and clinical application of auditory related brain science.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R318.04

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