人工胸廓模型在生理载荷作用下的电测试验研究

发布时间：2018-07-01 17:32

本文选题：人工胸廓模型 + 椎间盘　；参考：《天津理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：漏斗胸合并脊柱侧弯是一种先天性疾病,其病症为胸骨体向内凹陷且伴有脊柱侧弯症状,该疾病会导致前胸下部成漏斗状,对心脏产生压迫,影响患者的心肺功能,同时对患者的心理产生不良的影响。因为盲目矫形可能会加重脊柱侧弯,临床上医生只能被迫放弃手术。目前漏斗胸合并脊柱侧弯矫形过程的研究多数依靠数值模拟,数值模拟的优点是进行参数研究方便,但也有一定的局限性,数值模拟的准确性需要通过实验进行验证。受伦理限制,目前无法通过在体的电测试验获得矫形过程中胸廓骨骼的应变分布规律,同时因为无法获得漏斗胸合并脊柱侧弯的尸体标本也无法进行尸体的电测试验。数值计算结果可以通过动物试验和人工胸廓模型试验进行验证,考虑到动物胸廓模型的的长轴位于矢状面与人体胸廓模型长轴位于冠状面不同,本文采用人工胸廓模型进行电测试验。胸廓模型的制作实践显示,制作漏斗胸合并脊柱侧弯的胸廓模型十分复杂,不仅进行3D打印的价格昂贵,而且3D打印的材料与骨骼材料的材料参数差别较大。作者采用高分子材料制作一个正常的人工胸廓模型,对人工胸廓模型进行生理载荷作用下的电测实验,并对实验结果进行了数值模拟,比较了与实验结果的误差。人工胸廓模型包括2块胸骨、12块胸椎及12对肋骨,通过连接件连接了胸骨,肋骨和胸椎。实验中运用电子万能试验机对人工胸廓模型施加生理载荷,并运用静态应变测量系统测出人工胸廓模型在生理载荷作用下各部位的应变,主要测量胸骨、肋软骨、肋骨近端和肋骨远端部位的应变。其中实验方案的设计和测点布置参考了数值计算结果。为了与实验结果进行比较,实验前对人工胸廓模型进行CT扫描,然后运用Mimics和Geomagic studio软件重建了人工胸廓的三维模型,导入有限元分析软件ABAQUS6.11中进行人工胸廓模型在生理载荷作用下的数值模拟仿真分析,主要分析人工胸廓模型在生理载荷作用下的位移场、应力应变场。参数研究主要考虑了两种因素,一是研究了肋软骨对人工胸廓模型在生理载荷作用下的位移场和应力应变场的影响,二是在胸椎之间创建了椎间盘,研究了椎间盘对人工胸廓模型在生理载荷作用下的位移场和应力应变场的影响。最后对人工胸廓模型在生理载荷作用下的实验结果与数值模拟结果进行了对比,分析了影响误差的因素。文中结果对于指导漏斗胸合并脊柱侧弯矫形过程的数值模拟和进行胸廓模型的电测试验研究有参考价值。
[Abstract]:Funnelal chest combined with scoliosis is a congenital disease characterized by an inward depression of the sternum and symptoms of scoliosis, which can lead to a funnel-shaped lower anterior chest, oppress the heart, affect the heart and lung function of the patient, and have a bad effect on the patient's psychology, because blind orthopedics may aggravate the scoliosis. Clinical doctors can only be forced to give up surgery. Currently, most studies on the funnel chest and scoliosis orthopedic process rely on numerical simulation. The advantage of the numerical simulation is that it is convenient to study the parameters, but also has some limitations. The accuracy of the numerical simulation needs to be verified through experiments. The test obtained the strain distribution of the thoracic skeleton in the orthopedic process, and the body test could not be carried out because the corpse of the funnel chest and the scoliosis was not available. The numerical results can be verified by animal test and artificial chest model test, considering the long axis of the animal's chest model is located in the vector. In this paper, an artificial thoracic model is used for electrical test. The production practice of the thoracic model shows that the thoracic model of the funnel chest combined with scoliosis is very complex, not only is the price of 3D printing is expensive, but the material parameters of the material of 3D and the material of the bone are more different than that of the bone material. The author made a normal artificial thoracic model with polymer material, and carried out the electrical test under physiological load on the artificial thoracic model. The experimental results were simulated and the error was compared with the experimental results. The artificial thoracic model consisted of 2 sternum, 12 thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs, and the chest was connected to the chest by connecting parts. Bone, rib and thoracic vertebrae. In the experiment, physiological load was applied to artificial thoracic model by electronic universal testing machine, and the strain of artificial thoracic model under physiological load was measured by static strain measurement system. The strain of sternum, costal cartilage, proximal rib and distal rib of rib bone were measured. The design of experimental scheme and the design of the experimental scheme In order to compare the numerical results with the experimental results, in order to compare the experimental results with the experimental results, the artificial chest model is scanned by CT before the experiment. Then the 3D model of the artificial chest profile is reconstructed by Mimics and Geomagic Studio software, and the numerical model of the human chest profile model under the physiological load is carried out in the finite element analysis software ABAQUS6. 11. Simulation analysis, mainly analyze the displacement field of artificial thoracic model under physiological load, stress and strain field. Two factors are considered in the study of parameters. One is the study of the effect of rib cartilage on the displacement field and stress and strain field of artificial thoracic model under physiological load, and the two is to create the intervertebral disc between the thoracic vertebrae. The effect of the intervertebral disc on the displacement field and the stress and strain field of the artificial thoracic model under the physiological load. Finally, the experimental results of the artificial thoracic model under the physiological load are compared with the numerical simulation results, and the factors affecting the error are analyzed. The results are used to guide the number of the funnel chest combined with the spinal scoliosis. It has reference value for simulating and conducting the electrical test of the chest model.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R318.1

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