情绪对时间注意影响的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 09:43

本文选题：情绪 + 时间注意　；参考：《电子科技大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：情绪研究认为情绪信息处理非常迅速，且在大脑中有不同的偏侧性，即左脑偏向于处理正性情绪、右脑偏向于处理负性情绪。时间注意研究认为时间线索有效会产生类似于空间注意中的注意效应，并且时间注意可能对早期感知过程产生调制作用。但情绪影响时间注意的研究工作却非常少。针对不同情绪对时间注意可能影响不同的问题，本文借鉴研究时间注意的思路，采用情绪图片作为时间线索的任务范式，同步记录12名正常被试（5名女性）的行为数据和脑电数据，并在ERP数据分析中采用ANOVAL方法统计分析了P1/N1、P2等成分，同时还借助sLORETA方法进行源定位。其中，实验任务包括两类情绪图片（负性和正性）和两类线索提示时间（短时300ms和长时1500ms）共四种。行为结果发现时间注意存在类似于空间注意的注意效应，其中有效的时间线索能使得被试反应更快、准确率更高，而且还发现负性情绪作为长时线索使得被试反应明显变慢。线索相关的ERP结果表明，情绪对时间注意在早期（70-145ms）就产生了影响，，其中负性情绪作为长时线索会诱发出更大的波幅，这暗示负性情绪对长时间注意的可能影响；同时在额叶发现其在140-200ms时对短时线索有处理偏向，表明短时间注意过程中额叶的重要性。在潜伏期的结果中，右脑对短时线索在早期就表现出处理偏向，而在140-200ms时则对正性情绪更敏感，这暗示着在情绪影响时间注意的研究工作中潜伏期可能是一个有效的指标。目标相关的ERP结果表明长时线索在大脑处理中的优势，其中长时间注意比短时间注意的潜伏期（50-200ms）要更短、波幅（200-400ms）要更大，而在行为反应中却表现出长时间注意下反应慢于短时间注意，这可能暗示长时间注意使得个体的认知负荷变大。此外，在140-200ms时正性情绪作为时间线索被释放出来后使得整个大脑的波幅都变大了，尤其是其作为短时线索时，这表明正性情绪对短时间注意的可能有更大的影响。源定位结果表明，正性情绪面孔出现后主要激活了左额叶，而负性情绪面孔则主要激活右额叶。在额叶中发现正性情绪和负性情绪的不同偏侧性，不但证明了情绪标准假说的不足，而且还将情绪效价假说缩小到了额叶的范围。以上结果，不但验证了大脑对正负性情绪的处理在额叶存在偏侧性，而且还发现不同情绪对长短时间注意的影响可能是不同的，其中负性情绪在线索出现的早期就表现出对长时间注意的影响，而正性情绪则在目标刺激消失之后表现出对短时间注意的影响。
[Abstract]:Emotional studies suggest that emotional information processing is very rapid and there are different lateralities in the brain, that is, the left brain tends to deal with positive emotions, and the right brain tends to deal with negative emotions. Temporal attention studies suggest that time cues can effectively produce attention effects similar to those in spatial attention and that temporal attention may modulate early sensing processes. But little research has been done to influence time and attention. Aiming at the problem that different emotion may affect time attention, this paper uses the idea of time attention for reference and adopts emotional picture as the task paradigm of time clue. Behavioral data and EEG data of 12 normal subjects (5 women) were recorded synchronously. ANOVAL method was used to analyze P 1 / N 1 P 2 and other components in ERP data analysis. At the same time, sLORETA was used to locate the source. The task included two kinds of emotional pictures (negative and positive) and two types of cues (short 300ms and long term 1500ms). The behavioral results showed that temporal attention had a similar attention effect to spatial attention, in which the effective time cues could make the subjects react faster and more accurately, and it was also found that negative emotion as a long time clue made the subjects' response slow obviously. The results of cue-related 70-145ms showed that emotion had an effect on the early stage of attention (70-145ms), in which negative emotion, as a long-term clue, would induce a larger amplitude, which implied the possible influence of negative emotion on long-term attention. At the same time, the frontal lobe was found to have a bias towards short term cues during 140-200ms, indicating the importance of the frontal lobe in the process of short attention. In the results of latency, the right brain showed a processing bias to short time cues at the early stage, but was more sensitive to positive emotions in 140-200ms, which suggested that latency might be an effective indicator in the research work of emotion influencing time attention. The results of target-related ERP showed the advantage of long-term cues in brain processing, in which the latency period (50-200ms) and amplitude (200-400ms) of long-term attention were shorter and larger than those of short-term attention. However, the long attention response is slower than the short notice response, which may imply that the long attention may increase the cognitive burden of the individual. In addition, positive emotions during 140-200ms are released as time cues to increase the amplitude of the whole brain, especially as short-term cues, which suggests that positive emotions may have a greater effect on short-term attention. The results of source localization showed that positive emotional faces mainly activated the left frontal lobe, while negative emotional faces mainly activated the right frontal lobe. The difference between positive emotion and negative emotion is found in frontal lobe, which not only proves the deficiency of emotional standard hypothesis, but also reduces the emotional titer hypothesis to the range of frontal lobe. The above results not only confirmed that the brain processing of positive and negative emotions in the frontal lobe is sideways, but also found that different emotions may have different effects on long-term attention. The negative emotion showed the influence on the long-term attention in the early stage of the clue, while the positive emotion showed the influence on the short attention after the target stimulus disappeared.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.0

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