电针机同对导线间距离与输出参数的探讨

发布时间：2018-07-13 17:00

【摘要】：电针机是现代科技的产物,近年来许多强调不同治疗功能的电针机经常问世。电针机功能基本上不外是由输出的电压、电流、频率,加上不同的波形,或者再用交、直流电(即插上家用电源或使用于电池)的特性来达成特定治疗的效果,这些工作参数尤以频率最为重要。不同的频率是可以影响身体许多的功能,有镇痛、增大局部血流量等等不同的功效,低频与高频的刺激往往会有不同的治疗结果,更造成了多样化的治疗效果。刺激强度以电压为主要参数,也有以电流或电功率来表示,是以病人能够忍受的强度为主,这个强度是介于感觉阈及痛阈之间,过高或过低疗效会不佳。电针时间久了就容易出现耐受性,必须要再把刺激的量增强。电针机波形的调制是非常重要的,临床使用时可针对疾病的特征,选择合适的波形,以提高治疗成效。电针机针对特定穴位上更显得穴位的优越与特异性,例如使用电针刺激内关和公孙穴,可以更有效的抑制了心脏交感神经活性,能使心脏跳动的速率变慢,实质上可以提升心脏副交感神经的活性,对健康人体来说,具有保护性的调节作用。然而这些电针机强调的治疗作用,仅是以所谓的工作参数来论断治疗的功效。但是人体本身就含有特殊的生物电流,这些生物电流的流动可进行沟通、联系等等不同功能以进行各种的生理作用,对维持身体的健康,相当重要。人体本来就是个复杂的有机体,体液中含有溶液、电解质液等等不同可进行化学及生理作用的液体。体内组织、细胞的结构组成不一,电阻不会是处处相同的,电流更不会单纯以直线最短的距离前进,功率更是会随距离与电阻而散失,同条导线间的两根针灸的距离内究竟有什么特殊性、以及会有什么结果产生都是值得探讨的课题,因此设计此试验。目的：这是一项在人体外的试验,目的在测试两端导线间是否因距离而导致相关参数的改变?或者寻求两导线间是否存在一些特异的现象?尝试找出一些共同点,归纳出规律,做为日后进一步试验的参考。方法： 1.平放深度超过一时的猪花肉,在两根针灸针柄处连上电针机的同对导线,插入猪花肉,两根针的距离为1cm,2cm,4cm,6cm,8cm,10cm,12cm,14cm,16cm,18cm,20cm等长度,使用交流电、直流电为电源、分别以电表测量其电压与频率值。2.取深度超过一时的瘦肉,其余如方法同方法1.,再分别量出电压与频率值。成果：花肉组测得的直流电电压大于瘦肉组。花肉组测得的交流电电压大于瘦肉组。瘦肉组测得频率值大于花肉组。花肉组加瘦肉组(即全部组数)结果 1.花肉组加瘦肉组(即全部组数),当针距在10cm左右时,测得直流电压更接近于0mV,有统计学意义(P0.05)。 2.花肉组加瘦肉组(即全部组数),针距与所测得的交流电电压V关系不甚明显,有统计学意义(P0.05)。 3.花肉组加瘦肉组(即全部组数),随着针距的增加,频率值有逐渐减少的趋势,但减少的幅度也逐渐减缓。有统计学意义(P0.05)。花肉组结果 1.花肉组当针距在10cm左右时,测得直流电压更接近于0mV,此结论与合并数据一致,有统计学意义(P0.05)。 2.花肉组针距与所测得的交流电压V关系不甚明显,有统计学意义(P0.05)。 3.花肉组随着针距的增加,频率值有逐渐减少的趋势,但减少的幅度也逐渐减缓。有统计学意义(P0.05)。瘦肉组结果 1.瘦肉组当针距在10cm左右时,测得直流电压更接近于0mV,此结论与合并数据-致,有统计学意义(P0.05)。 2.瘦肉组针距与所测得的交流电压V关系不甚明显,有统计学意义(P0.05)。 3.瘦肉组随着针距的增加,频率值有逐渐减少的趋势,但减少的幅度也逐渐减缓。有统计学意义(P0.05)。建立两项回归方程 1.建立的回归方程为：y(测得频率)=24.247-0.756*针距cm+0.386*DCVO 2.建立的回归方程为：y(测得直流电压值)=-59.444-0.543*针距cm-0.147*DCVO+1.877*HzO 结论： 1.电针机的安全性：不管是交流电或直流电,所测出的电流单位是uA,与安全电流mA有一段差距,所测出的交流电的电压值都在2V以下,与工安的最大50V相比,有一段安全距离而直流电电压值的绝对值更仅在30mV以下,所以安全性算是不错。 2.直流电电压特殊性的探讨：当电压为0时,电位为0,两根针的中间就无电流经过(从表皮到针尖的一段深度),电流可能是经由其他电阻较少路径通过,或是使用的电表灵敏度不好,未能侦测出微弱的电流。前人的研究认为经络应该是具有电阻低、导电度佳,比较能够传递电流的特性。但出现电压为0的现象,未必代表着表皮以下有经络存在,主要是因为出现电压为0的现象都是在使用直流电之时,使用交流电则未出现此一现象,而且材料取得虽取部位接近但不一定正好都是取到同样经脉或存在经脉。同时花肉组和瘦肉组都出现“针距在lOcm左右时,测得直流电压更接近于0mV”以及“当V0时,V的绝对值越大,针距cm越大”的结果,依据上项的结果,针距cm越大,则两针间的电阻越大,推测应该是出现了“电极化”的效应。当直流电通过人体之后,带有正、负电荷的离子在整个运动的过程中,是会遇到很大的阻力,因而造成了离子的堆积。一侧会堆积正离子,另一侧则堆积了负离子,这时就容易会出现电势差。这种电势差是和直流电流动的方向相反,所以电压呈现负值。也就是说当两根针的距离超过10cm时,很容易出现此种电压为负的现象,主要是因为距离拉长,其间的等效电阻也增大。另有一种等效阻抗的说法,人体除了一般的电阻外还有电容效应的产生,但这无法说明为何会出现电压是负值的现象。这是不是意味着电针机同对导线连接后,两端的距离是有所限制,是不能随意连接与任意拉长的,有待进一步探讨。 3.不论是瘦肉组或花肉组,其针距与所测得的交流电压V关系不甚明显,推测应该是交流电是双向的流动,所受到的电阻影响较小所致,电针机各项输出参数变动不大。 4.花肉组在测得的所有针距的直流电电压,以及大多数针距的交流电电压的平均值都大于瘦肉组,推测还是因为电阻的问题。当电流通过物体表面,为求顺利通过,必须施以合适的电压。花肉组成份上含肥肉较多,而肥肉被视为电的不良导体,因此可推测花肉组的等效电阻大于瘦肉组。电流要顺利通过花肉组表面,自然要加上比瘦肉组更多的电压。 5.花肉组在所有针距的频率,都是小于瘦肉组,也就是说,电流通过相同的距离,在花肉组表面经过的时间,要比瘦肉组还多。推测是花肉组在表面的等效电阻大于瘦肉组,因此造成频率小于瘦肉组的现象。 6.不论是花肉组或是瘦肉组,不论是在直流电还是交流电,所测量的电流(已测的部分)、电压、频率,均互不相关,没有一种连动性。插入不同花肉组或是瘦肉组的针灸针,接上电针机后,电流是向四方流动的,并不是固定向连接同对导线的方向,会有相当程度的能量消耗,造成互不相关,应该可以以此解释。 7.利用建立的回归方程为：y(测得频率)=24.247-0.756*针距cm+0.386*DCVO我们可以得到针距与频率在不同组的相关关系.两组结果,都有在一定的范围内,针距越长,频率越短的现象。 8.利用建立的回归方程为：y(测得直流电压值)=-59.444-0.543*针距cm0.147*DCVO+1.877*HzO.我们可以得到直流电电压与针距在不同组的相关关系.两组结果,总的来说都有直流电的电压越大,针距cm越小的现象。
[Abstract]:Electro - acupuncture machine is a product of modern science and technology . In recent years , many kinds of electric needle machines with different therapeutic functions have been introduced frequently .

The electro - acupuncture machine is superior and specific to the acupuncture point on the specific acupuncture point , such as the use of an electric needle to stimulate the internal and the Gongsun points , can more effectively inhibit the sympathetic nerve activity of the heart , can make the rate of the beating of the heart slow , can improve the activity of the subsympathetic nerve of the heart , and has a protective effect for the healthy human body .

but the body itself contains special biological current , the flow of these biological currents can carry on various functions such as communication , contact and so on , so as to carry out various physiological functions , and can carry out various physiological functions .

Purpose :

This is a test outside the human body to test whether or not there are some specific phenomena between the lead wires at both ends of the test , or whether there are specific phenomena between the two wires ? Try to find some common points , summarize the rules , and do the reference for further testing in the future .

Method :

1 . For the pork with more than one time , the same pair of wires of the electric acupuncture machine are connected at the two acupuncture needle handles . The distance between the two needles is 1cm , 2cm , 4cm , 4cm , 4cm , 16cm , 18cm , 20cm and the like . The voltage and frequency value are measured respectively by the meter . 2 . The thin meat with the depth exceeding one time is taken , and the balance is the same method as the method 1 . The voltage and frequency value are respectively measured .

Outcome :

The measured DC voltage is larger than that in lean meat group . The measured AC voltage is larger than that of lean meat group . The frequency value measured in lean meat group is larger than that of the group of lean meat . The results of lean meat group plus lean meat group ( that is , the total number of groups )

1 . When the distance of the needle is about 10 cm , the measured DC voltage is closer to 0 mV , which has statistical significance ( P0.05 ) .

2 . There was no significant difference between the needle pitch and the measured AC voltage V ( P0.05 ) .

3 . The meat group and lean meat group ( i.e . , the total number of groups ) decreased gradually with the increase of the needle distance , but the amplitude of the decrease was gradually decreased .

1 . When the distance of the needle is about 10cm , the measured DC voltage is closer to 0mV . This conclusion is consistent with the combined data , which has statistical significance ( P0.05 ) .

2 . The relationship between the needle pitch and the measured AC voltage V was not significant , which was significant ( P0.05 ) .

3 . With the increase of needle distance , the frequency value gradually decreased with the increase of needle distance , but the amplitude decreased gradually . There was statistical significance ( P0.05 ) .

Results of lean meat group

1 . When the distance of the needle is about 10cm , the measured DC voltage is closer to 0mV . This conclusion is statistically significant ( P0.05 ) .

2 . The relationship between the needle pitch and the measured AC voltage V was not significant , which was significant ( P0.05 ) .

3 . With the increase of needle distance , the frequency value of lean meat group decreased gradually , but the amplitude decreased gradually . There was statistical significance ( P0.05 ) .

Two regression equations are established .

1 . The regression equation established is : y ( measured frequency ) = 24.247 - 0.756 * needle distance cm + 0.386 * DCVO

2 . The regression equation established is : y ( measured DC voltage ) = - 59.444 - 0.5543 * pin distance cm - 0.147 * DCVO + 1.877 * HzO

Conclusion :

1 . Safety of the electro - acupuncture machine : Whether it is AC or DC , the measured current unit is A , and the voltage value of the measured AC voltage is below 2V , and the absolute value of the DC voltage value is more than 30mV . Therefore , the safety is good .

2 . Discussion on the particularity of DC voltage : When the voltage is 0 , the potential is 0 , there is no current passing through the middle of the two needles ( from the skin to the tip of the needle ) .

3 . Whether the relationship between the needle pitch and the measured AC voltage V is not obvious , whether lean meat group or flower - meat group , it is supposed that the alternating current is a two - way flow , and the resistance to the resistance is small , and the output parameters of the electric needle machine are not changed .

4 . The average DC voltage of all needle pitches measured and the average value of AC voltage of most pins are larger than that of lean meat group , and it is speculated that it is a problem of resistance . When current passes through the surface of the object , it is necessary to apply proper voltage . When current passes through the surface of the object , it is necessary to apply proper voltage . The meat composition contains more fat meat , and the fat meat is regarded as an electrical bad conductor . Therefore , it can be speculated that the equivalent resistance of the flower meat group is larger than that of lean meat group .

5 . The frequency of the meat group at all needle pitches is smaller than that of lean meat group , that is , the current passes through the same distance , and the time on the surface of the flower meat group is more than that of the lean meat group . It is speculated that the equivalent resistance of the flower meat group on the surface is larger than that of the lean meat group , so that the phenomenon that the frequency is smaller than that of the lean meat group is caused .

6 . The current ( measured part ) , voltage and frequency are not related to each other , whether in direct current or alternating current , whether in direct current or alternating current .

7 . The regression equation established is : y ( measured frequency ) = 24.247 - 0.756 * needle distance cm + 0.386 * DCVO . We can get the correlation between needle pitch and frequency in different groups . Both of the two groups have a certain range , the longer the needle distance and the shorter the frequency .

8 . The established regression equation is : y ( measured DC voltage ) = - 59.444 - 0.543 * pin distance cm0.147 * DCVO + 1.877 * HzO . We can get the correlation between DC voltage and pin distance in different groups . As a result , the larger the voltage of DC , the smaller the needle distance cm .
【学位授予单位】：广州中医药大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R318.6

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