基于Qt的病理组织上位机控制系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-07-14 13:01

【摘要】：在目前医疗界,活检一直是医疗诊断的一种最重要手段之一,而活检的重要一步便是病理组织处理。在活检过程中,需要先完成病理组织预处理,即蜡片的制备。病理组织经过固定、脱水与透明、浸蜡、手动封蜡等步骤,完成蜡片制作,然后对蜡片进行着色,通过显微镜观察病理组织结构,从而确定疾病原因。由于目前国内病理组织设备相对落后,基本依靠进口,设备维护困难且成本较高,处理过程需要多台设备配合才能完成。本项目将研发一款借助超声效应的全自动快速病理组织处理设备,为临床医生方便的提供一种快速制备病理组织切片的方法,从而为大规模疾病筛查以及对手术过程中的病理确诊提供了必要的设备保障。另外,可以应用于基层医院,为患者病症提供初步诊断依据。本文旨在开发全自动快速病理组织处理机的上位机控制系统。在项目初期进行了系统预调试,在调试过程中,发现并解决了上位机和下位机通信时断时连等诸多难题。根据本项目要求,更换平台,利用Qt在Linux平台上开发上位机控制系统,按照用户的反馈意见,对上位机工作流程和功能做了较大的改进,界面更加美观、简洁,系统更加稳定。上位机系统主要包括脱水与透明、浸蜡、手动封蜡、清洗、数据导出和帮助模块,完成了各模块的界面设计,并简要介绍了各模块的功能实现,最后利用工控系统实现对下位机的控制。现对本文介绍如下:第一,首先通过引言简要介绍了活检的原理以及目前国内一些医疗设备的不足,从而引出了开发一款全自动病理组织系统的必要性。最后概述了本课题的来源和研究本课题的意义。第二,主要对病理组织上位机控制系统的相关技术进行阐述。首先作者从前景及发展现状方面对嵌入式系统进行了简要介绍;接着概述了嵌入式操作系统,对Linux系统的特点和目前的发展做了重点分析,简单介绍了uC/OS-II系统;最后对GUI的发展现状进行了具体说明,对目前存在的各种GUI进行了比较以及性能分析,最后概述了两者之间的相互影响。第三,介绍了系统的总体架构以及相关开发平台。第四,作者提出了上位机系统预调试方案,简单概括了方案设计原则以及各模块可视化界面设计,最后展示了调试结果。在预调试过程中,解决了诸多难题,预调试成功,则下位机工作较为完善,为最终调试减轻负担,但是由于预调试软件组态王主要应用于大型工业控制场合以及软件的版权问题,根据项目要求更换开发平台为Qt,并完成最终调试。第五,主要讨论的是基于Qt的应用程序的设计与实现。本章首先介绍了软件开发平台Qt以及Qt的消息机制等,接着详细介绍了各模块界面的设计以及功能实现。第六,首先简要介绍了Modbus通信协议,并选定本项目上位机和下位机的通讯方式为RTU模式,并展示了设备间的连线方式;接着详细介绍了Modbus主机功能的实现过程,并通过简单实例测试libmodbus库是否移植成功;最后对系统通信进行了调试。最后,总结已经完成的工作,针对具体需求,不断发现问题,努力寻找不足。
[Abstract]:In the current medical field, biopsy has always been one of the most important means of medical diagnosis, and the important step of the biopsy is the treatment of pathological tissue. In the process of biopsy, it is necessary to complete the preparation of the pathological tissue first, that is, the preparation of the wax tablets. The pathological tissue structure of the wax was observed by microscope to determine the cause of the disease. Due to the relative backwardness of the domestic pathological tissue equipment, the equipment was difficult to maintain and the cost was high, and the process needed multiple equipment to complete. This project will develop a fully automatic rapid disease with the aid of ultrasonic effect. Tissue treatment equipment provides a rapid method for preparing pathological tissue sections for clinicians, which provides necessary equipment support for large-scale disease screening and pathological diagnosis in the process of surgery. In addition, it can be applied to primary hospitals to provide preliminary diagnostic basis for patients' disease. The upper computer control system of the fast pathological tissue processor has been debugged at the initial stage of the project. In the process of debugging, it finds and solves many difficult problems, such as the communication between the host computer and the lower computer, and so on. According to the requirements of the project, the platform is replaced, and the upper computer control system is developed on the Linux platform by Qt, according to the user's feedback. See, the working process and function of the upper computer have been improved greatly. The interface is more beautiful, concise and more stable. The upper computer system mainly includes dehydration and transparency, wax impregnation, manual sealing wax, cleaning, data export and help modules, complete the interface design of each module, and briefly introduces the functional realization of each module, and finally uses industrial control. The system realizes the control of the lower computer. This article is introduced as follows: first, the principle of biopsy and the shortage of some medical equipment at home are briefly introduced in the introduction. The necessity of developing a fully automatic pathological organization system is introduced. Finally, the source of this subject and the significance of the study are summarized. Second The relevant technology of the upper computer control system of pathological organization is expounded. First, the author briefly introduces the embedded system from the perspective of the future and the current development, and then outlines the embedded operating system, analyzes the characteristics and the current development of the Linux system, and introduces the uC/OS-II system briefly. Finally, the development of the GUI system. The present situation is explained in detail, the existing GUI is compared and the performance analysis is carried out. Finally, the mutual influence between the two is summarized. Third, the overall architecture of the system and the related development platform are introduced. Fourth, the author puts forward the pre debug scheme of the upper computer system, and briefly summarizes the principle of the scheme design and the modules of each module. In the process of pre debug, a lot of problems are solved, the pre debug is successful, the work of the lower machine is more perfect, and the burden is reduced for the final debug. However, because the predebug software Kingview is mainly used in large industrial control situations and the copyright of software, it is replaced and developed according to the requirements of the project. The platform is Qt and completes the final debug. Fifth, the main discussion is the design and implementation of Qt based applications. This chapter first introduces the software development platform Qt and the message mechanism of Qt, and then details the design and function realization of the interface of each module. Sixth, firstly, the Modbus communication protocol is briefly introduced, and the project is selected to select this project. The communication mode between the host computer and the lower computer is the RTU mode, and shows the connection mode between the devices. Then the realization process of the Modbus host function is introduced in detail, and the success of the libmodbus library is tested through a simple example. Finally, the system communication is debugged. Finally, the completed work is summarized, and the specific requirements are constantly issued. At present, we try hard to find a shortage.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R197.39;TP273

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