基于步态分析的滑跌概率预测模型优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 10:15

【摘要】：滑跌事故是影响人类健康和生命安全的重要因素之一,目前已经成为人机工程以及生物医学领域研究的热点。本论文以已建立的滑跌概率预测模型为基础,进行了平地滑跌、坡道上下坡以及坡道滑跌时的步态试验研究,优化了滑动和滑跌概率预测模型,将其使用范围扩大到坡道行走的情况,并且使滑动和滑跌概率的预测更加准确。论文首先分析了人体行走过程中的力学机制以及维持人体行走的稳定性原理,对国内外在该领域的研究成果给予了简单陈述。在此基础上分别进行了平地滑跌试验、坡道行走试验以及坡道滑跌试验,分析了非赤足行走时平地滑跌、坡道上下坡以及坡道滑跌时足-地接触力和主要步态参数的变化。平地滑跌试验表明：相同条件组合下的必要摩擦系数和利用摩擦系数均服从正态分布；平地行走发生滑跌时足-地接触力的垂直分力呈多峰分布,矢状分力和冠状分力均小于正常行走步态；步频、步宽增大,步长、步速减小。坡道上下坡试验结果表明：必要摩擦系数随坡度的增加而增大,坡度一定时,下坡时必要摩擦系数大于上坡；随着坡度的增大足-地接触力的垂直分力及冠状分力均减小,矢状分力第一阶段所占百分比增加；相同坡度时,上下坡垂直分力和矢状分力峰值无明显差异,下坡时冠状分力大于上坡行走；下坡与上坡行走时相比,步频、步长以及步速均略大。坡道滑跌试验结果表明：影响利用摩擦系数的主要外界因素为坡度,其次为污染介质,最后为地面材质；下坡行走发生滑跌时,步频、步宽增大,步长、步速减小。最后,根据前期试验结果论文细化了滑跌判定条件,并在此基础上优化了滑动和滑跌概率预测模型。
[Abstract]:Slip accident is one of the important factors that affect human health and life safety. It has become a hot spot in the field of ergonomics and biomedical research. Based on the established probabilistic prediction model of sliding and falling, this paper studies the gait test of sliding on flat ground, up and down slope and downhill, and optimizes the prediction model of sliding and sliding probability. The range of application is extended to the situation of ramp walking, and the prediction of sliding and sliding probability is more accurate. In this paper, the mechanical mechanism of human walking and the principle of maintaining the stability of human walking are analyzed, and the research results in this field at home and abroad are briefly stated. On the basis of this, the flat-ground sliding test, the ramp walking test and the slope sliding test are carried out, and the changes of the foot-to-ground contact force and the main gait parameters during the non-barefoot walking, the slope up and down the slope and the slope slide are analyzed. The test results show that both the necessary friction coefficient and the friction coefficient under the same conditions are normally distributed, and the vertical force distribution of the foot-ground contact force is multi-peak distribution. The sagittal and coronal forces are smaller than the normal walking gait, and the gait frequency, step width, step length and step speed decrease. The results of slope test show that the necessary friction coefficient increases with the increase of slope, when the slope is constant, the necessary friction coefficient is higher when slope is fixed, and the vertical and coronal force of foot-ground contact force decreases with the increase of slope. The percentage of sagittal force in the first stage was increased, there was no significant difference between vertical and sagittal component of the upper and lower slope at the same slope, and the coronal force was higher than that in the upper slope when the slope was downhill, and the step frequency of the downhill was higher than that of the uphill walking. Step size and pace are slightly larger. The results of slope slide test show that the main external factors affecting the utilization of friction coefficient are slope, second is polluted medium, and finally is ground material; when downhill walking occurs sliding, the step frequency, step width increases, step length and step speed decrease. Finally, according to the experimental results, the paper refines the criteria of sliding and falls, and then optimizes the prediction models of sliding and sliding probability.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.01

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